THE ROLE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE ON MATERNAL FAT MOBILIZATION AND OXIDATION D

膳食碳水化合物对母体脂肪动员和氧化的作用 D

• 批准号: 7950636
• 负责人: MOREY W HAYMOND
• 金额: $ 9.12万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7950636
• 关键词: Affect; Basal metabolic rate; Behavior; Blood Glucose; Body Weight decreased; Body fat; Breast Feeding; Calories; Carbohydrates; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Essential Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Funding; Galactose; Glucose; Glycemic Index; Goals; Grant; Hand; Human Milk; Institution; Insulin; Lactation; Lactose; Lead; Metabolic; Metabolism; Milk; Minerals; Mothers; Nature; Nutrient; Oral; Plasma; Pregnancy; Production; Proteins; Protocols documentation; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Satiation; Source; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Vitamins; Weight; Weight Gain; Weight maintenance regimen; Woman; design; drinking; improved; insight; insulin secretion; obesity risk; oxidation; response

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Due to the increasing obesity risks, many lactating women are concerned about losing weight gained during pregnancy without adversely affecting their milk production. We have demonstrated previously that oral galactose which has low glycemic index compared to glucose, may provide a nutrient substrate that is converted to glucose, thus providing a substrate for lactose synthesis but not inhibit fat mobilization by increasing plasma glucose and insulin. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of a high (glucose) versus low (galactose) insulin stimulating oral carbohydrate meal on mobilization and oxidation of fat in post-partum and control women. We hypothesize that an isocaloric carbohydrate drink which does not stimulate insulin secretion, when compared to one which stimulates significant insulin secretion will promote fat mobilization and oxidation and will not affect on milk production in healthy lactating women. Should we demonstrate that the nature of the oral carbohydrate affects fatty acid mobilization and fat oxidation with no impact on lactose synthesis and milk production, we would have the scientific evidence to design a wider clinical trial of breast-feeding mothers who are desirous of losing weight while sustaining successful breast feeding. I. HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis: Over a three day period, an isocaloric carbohydrate drink which does not stimulate insulin secretion (low glycemic index), when compared to one which stimulates significant insulin secretion (high glycemic index) will: i. Promote fat mobilization and oxidation. ii. Have no effect on milk production in healthy lactating women. This hypothesis will be tested in two different protocols. In protocol (1) the drink will be either just glucose or just galactose providing 55% of the subject's daily basal metabolic needs. Protocol (2) will be the same as protocol (1) with the exception that the drink will be supplemented with extra 15% protein, essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Thus, this drink will have exactly the same carbohydrate content as that used in protocol (1) but will provide 70% of the basal metabolic rate. SPECIFIC AIMS The objective of this study is to determine whether low(galactose) versus high (glucose) glycemic index dietary carbohydrate content in a diet with reduced calories will facilitate fat mobilization and oxidation without adversely affecting milk production, or milk composition. Understanding the metabolic consequences of lactation on maternal metabolism and the regulation of lactose synthesis will give new insights into the regulation of human milk production, providing new strategies to improve the number of successfully breastfeeding women and to allow women to lose unwanted weight while maintaining adequate milk production. Many lactating women are concerned about losing weight gained during pregnancy. A large number of dietary approaches to achieve weight loss are available. Many high-carbohydrate foods common to Western diets produce a high glycemic response (high-glycemic index). These diets induce a rapid increase in blood glucose, resulting in insulin release which leads to inhibition of fat mobilization. Thus high-glycemic index diets may result in altering fuel partitioning in a way that may lead to body fat gain. On the other hand, diets that produce a low glycemic response (low-glycemic index diets) may enhance weight control because they promote satiety and minimize postprandial insulin secretion. Although regaining pre-pregnancy weight should be the goal, extreme dietary behaviors could impair milk production. It is postulated that the primary determinant of milk volume is lactose production. We have recently demonstrated that oral galactose, which has a low-glycemic index, provides a nutrient substrate that is converted to glucose and only minimally increases plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Thus galactose is a potential substrate for lactose synthesis that might also promote fat mobilization.

该副本是利用众多研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子弹和 调查员（PI）可能已经从其他NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他清晰的条目中代表。列出的机构是 对于中心，这不一定是调查员的机构。 由于肥胖风险的增加，许多哺乳期妇女担心在怀孕期间减肥而不会不利影响其牛奶产量。我们以前已经证明，与葡萄糖相比，血糖指数低的口腔半乳糖可能会提供一种营养底物，可以转化为葡萄糖，从而提供乳糖合成的底物，但不能通过增加血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素来抑制脂肪动员。 这项研究的目的是确定高（葡萄糖）与低（半乳糖）胰岛素刺激口服碳水化合物粉对产后和对照妇女脂肪的动员和氧化的影响。我们假设与刺激明显的胰岛素分泌的胰岛素分泌相比，一种不会刺激胰岛素分泌的等热量碳水化合物饮料将促进脂肪动员和氧化，并且不会影响健康乳酸妇女的牛奶产量。如果我们证明口服碳水化合物的性质会影响脂肪酸动员和脂肪氧化，而不会影响乳糖合成和牛奶的产生，那么我们将有科学证据来设计对渴望减肥而持续成功乳房喂养的更广泛的母乳喂养母亲的临床试验。 I.假设 假设：在三天的时间内，与刺激明显的胰岛素分泌（高血糖指数）相比，一种不会刺激胰岛素分泌（低血糖指数）的异位碳水化合物饮料（低血糖指数）将： 我。促进脂肪动员和氧化。 ii。对健康哺乳期妇女的牛奶生产没有影响。 该假设将以两种不同的协议进行检验。在协议中（1）中，饮料要么只是葡萄糖，要么仅是半乳糖，可提供受试者每日基础代谢需求的55％。方案（2）将与方案（1）相同，但饮料将补充额外的15％蛋白质，必需脂肪酸，矿物质和维生素。因此，这种饮料的碳水化合物含量与方案（1）中使用的碳水化合物含量完全相同，但将提供基础代谢率的70％。 具体目标 这项研究的目的是确定在饮食中，卡路里降低的饮食中低（半乳糖）与高（葡萄糖）血糖指数是否会促进脂肪动员和氧化，而不会不利地影响牛奶产量或牛奶组成。 了解泌乳对孕产妇代谢的代谢后果和乳糖合成的调节将为调节人牛奶的生产提供新的见解，提供新的策略，以改善成功母乳喂养的女性的数量，并使女性在维持足够的牛奶生产的同时减轻不需要的体重。 许多哺乳期妇女担心怀孕期间体重增加。可以使用大量的饮食方法来减轻体重。西方饮食常见的许多高碳水化合物食品产生高血糖反应（高血糖指数）。这些饮食会诱导血糖迅速增加，从而导致胰岛素释放，从而抑制脂肪动员。因此，高血糖指数饮食可能会导致燃料分配，从而导致体内脂肪的增加。另一方面，产生低血糖反应（低血糖指数饮食）的饮食可能会增强体重控制，因为它们会促进饱腹感并最大程度地减少餐后胰岛素分泌。 尽管重新怀孕的重量应该是目标，但极端的饮食行为可能会损害牛奶的产量。据推测，牛奶体积的主要决定因素是乳糖产生。我们最近证明，具有低血糖指数的口服半乳糖提供了一种营养底物，该底物被转化为葡萄糖，仅最小增加了血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度。因此，半乳糖是乳糖合成的潜在底物，也可能促进脂肪动员。