Radiative perturbations due to dust-atmosphere interactions over north Africa and the Atlantic and their implications for global climate

北非和大西洋上空尘埃与大气相互作用引起的辐射扰动及其对全球气候的影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/D009197/1
负责人：
Helen Brindley
金额：
$ 59.85万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD009197%2F1
关键词：
Radiative perturbations due dust atmosphere

项目摘要

The Sun is the fundamental energy source driving weather and climate. In the global mean, there is a balance between the shortwave solar radiative energy absorbed by the Earth system, and the longwave thermal radiative energy emitted by the Earth to space. Any process that changes this equilibrium has the potential to alter our weather and climate. One class of processes involve atmospheric aerosols, small liquid or solid particles, found in the atmosphere naturally (e.g. as wind blown dust), and also generated by a variety of human activities (e.g. from car exhausts). Aerosols are important because they can change the reflectivity of the Earth, altering the amount of shortwave energy available to the climate system, and can also absorb both shortwave and longwave radiation. Recently it has been shown that airborne dust can exert a large effect on the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere and the surface. Studies also suggest that the dust may alter the temperature structure of the atmosphere through heating of the dust layer. A change in dust loading, for example caused by a desert dust storm, can affect regional circulation patterns, with implications for the development of important weather phenomena such as hurricanes. On longer timescales, changes in land use occurring under climate change (e.g. desertification) could increase dust production and further perturb our climate. Dust amount and particle size vary greatly in space and time, making it difficult to quantify its overall effect on the energy balance. The aim of this project is to bring together new observations from a variety of sources to study just what the radiative effect of dust aerosol is in the real atmosphere. This study takes place in the Sahara, the most important dust source in the world. One of the new sources of observations is the Meteosat-8 satellite, located in geostationary orbit at a point over the equator, and the Greenwich meridian. On board are two novel instruments: Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget experiment (GERB), designed to measure the Earth's energy balance, and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), which can provide information about dust aerosols. Because the satellite is geostationary GERB and SEVIRI see Africa continuously and can monitor dust outbreaks in great detail. Other satellite observations add different information, such as the vertical distribution of aerosol, which is important for our understanding of the radiative effects. By merging information from all of these sensors a comprehensive picture of dust-atmosphere interactions over Africa and the Atlantic will be obtained. During 2006 a number of special campaigns will take place over north-west Africa and the Atlantic, aimed at characterizing the atmospheric state using ground-based and aircraft measurements. These observations will all be used to determine the amount, extent and variability of the dust, the associated atmospheric conditions and the total effect on the regional radiative balance. Finally, to help with the interpretation of the observations, colleagues at the UK Meteorological Office will provide simulations of the dust events, meteorological conditions and radiative fields. In the end, we hope to have developed a much more complete understanding of how these fascinating dust storms might be influencing our climate, and how this might be changing with time.

太阳是驱动天气和气候的基本能源。在全球平均值中，地球系统吸收的短波太阳能辐射能与地球发出的长波热辐射能之间存在平衡。任何改变这种平衡的过程都有可能改变我们的天气和气候。一类过程涉及大气中的气溶胶，小液体或固体颗粒，在大气中自然发现（例如，吹风灰尘），也由各种人类活动（例如，来自汽车排气管）产生。气溶胶很重要，因为它们可以改变地球的反射率，改变气候系统可用的短波能量，还可以吸收短波和长波辐射。最近，已经显示出空气尘会对大气和表面顶部的能量平衡产生很大的影响。研究还表明，灰尘可以通过加热灰尘层改变大气的温度结构。灰尘负荷的变化，例如是由沙漠尘埃造成的，可能会影响区域循环模式，这对诸如飓风等重要天气现象的发展产生了影响。在更长的时间尺度上，在气候变化（例如荒漠化）下发生土地使用的变化可能会增加尘埃的产量并进一步扰乱我们的气候。灰尘量和粒径在空间和时间上差异很大，因此很难量化其对能量平衡的总体影响。该项目的目的是将各种来源的新观察结果汇总在一起，以研究尘埃气溶胶在真实气氛中的辐射效应。这项研究发生在撒哈拉（Sahara），这是世界上最重要的灰尘来源。观测的新来源之一是MeteoSat-8卫星，位于赤道上方的地静止轨道和Greenwich子午线。船上有两种新颖的仪器：地球地球辐射预算实验（GERB），旨在测量地球的能量平衡，以及旋转增强的可见和红外成像仪（Seviri），可以提供有关灰尘气溶胶的信息。因为卫星是地球静止的gerb，而塞维里（Seviri）不断见到非洲，并且可以详细监测尘埃爆发。其他卫星观测结果增加了不同的信息，例如气溶胶的垂直分布，这对于我们对辐射效应的理解很重要。通过合并所有这些传感器的信息，将获得有关非洲和大西洋上尘埃气流相互作用的全面图片。在2006年期间，将在非洲西北部和大西洋上进行许多特殊运动，旨在使用地面和飞机测量值来表征大气状态。这些观察结果将全部用于确定灰尘的数量，程度和变化，相关的大气条件以及对区域辐射平衡的总影响。最后，为了帮助对观察的解释，英国气象局的同事将对灰尘事件，气象条件和辐射场进行模拟。最后，我们希望对这些迷人的沙尘暴可能如何影响我们的气候以及时间如何随着时间而改变。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Multi-sensor satellite remote sensing of dust aerosols over North Africa during GERBILS

沙鼠期间北非上空沙尘气溶胶的多传感器卫星遥感

DOI：
10.1002/qj.863
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Christopher S
通讯作者：
Christopher S

Impact of individual atmospheric parameters on CPV system power, energy yield and cost of energy

DOI：
10.1002/pip.2376
发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Chan, Ngai Lam Alvin;Brindley, Helen E.;Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas John
通讯作者：
Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas John

Validation of energy prediction method for a concentrator photovoltaic module in Toyohashi Japan

DOI：
10.1002/pip.2241
发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
影响因子：
0
作者：
N. Chan;T. Young;H. Brindley;N. Ekins‐Daukes;K. Araki;Y. Kemmoku;M. Yamaguchi
通讯作者：
N. Chan;T. Young;H. Brindley;N. Ekins‐Daukes;K. Araki;Y. Kemmoku;M. Yamaguchi

The daytime cycle in dust aerosol direct radiative effects observed in the central Sahara during the Fennec campaign in June 2011