Arctic Biosphere-Atmosphere Coupling across multiple Scales (ABACUS).

北极生物圈-大气多尺度耦合（ABACUS）。

• 批准号: NE/D005787/1
• 负责人: Mathew Williams
• 金额: $ 11.4万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD005787%2F1
• 关键词: Arctic; Biosphere; Atmosphere; Coupling; across

Climate warming is resulting from disruption of the global carbon cycle. The Arctic is already warming significantly, and warming is expected to be fastest and greatest at high latitudes, 4-7 degrees C over the next century. However, there are complex links among climate, the carbon cycle and the global energy balance which mean that the details of such global changes remain poorly understood. We propose a major, linked programme of plant and soil studies, atmospheric measurements, aircraft and satellite observations, and modelling, to improve our understanding of the response of the arctic terrestrial biosphere to climate change. Our overall aim is to determine what controls the temporal and spatial variability of carbon, water and energy exchange between arctic ecosystems and the atmosphere. Our field sites are based at Abisko, Sweden (with one focus area in dry tundra, the other in birch forest), and Kevo, Finland (with one focus on wet tundra, the other on dry tundra). At Kevo and Abisko both satellite imagery and aircraft flights will encompass an area of 10 km x 10 km, including both focus areas. The project has eight work-packages: WP1 Studies on plant allocation and phenology, and respiration-production ratios for major community types (via harvests, root measurement and isotope tracer experiments). WP2 Turnover of litter, soil organic matter (SOM), landscape distribution of soils (via soil surveys, isotope labelled litter, bomb C dating to determine SOM age), CH4 emissions. WP3 Chamber measurements of C and water exchanges from soils and vegetation at fine scales (a resolution of ~1m). WP4 Continuous tower measurements of CO2 and water exchange between the soils/vegetation and the atmosphere at scales of ~100 m, and records of snow depth, soil moisture and climate. WP5 Aircraft measurements over the two study regions, recording CO2 and water exchanges and images of the land surface and profiles of CH4. These measurements will extend over areas of many km squared. WP6 Earth Observation via satellites. We will link observations from several satellite instruments to measurements of plant cover recorded in field campaigns. WP7 We use models to connect the information connected at different time and space scales. The models represent our best understanding of the system, and we check and improve our understanding against independent observations, whether from chambers, towers, aircraft or satellites. We test whether we can understand the data from satellites and aircraft in terms of the detail recorded at the chambers and towers and with the WP1 and WP2 experiments. WP8 We will run an international workshop to share our ideas with colleagues from around the world. We will train post-graduates with a summer-school based around field measurement, and provide undergraduates with summer field experience.

气候变暖是由于全球碳循环的破坏而导致的。北极已经大大变暖，预计在下一世纪，高纬度最快和最大的变暖将是最快的，在4-7摄氏度上。但是，气候，碳循环和全球能量平衡之间存在复杂的联系，这意味着这种全球变化的细节仍然很少了解。我们提出了一项主要的植物和土壤研究，大气测量，飞机和卫星观测以及建模的计划，以提高我们对北极陆地生物圈对气候变化的反应的理解。我们的总体目的是确定是什么控制北极生态系统与大气之间的碳，水和能量交换的时间和空间变化。我们的野外地点位于瑞典的阿比斯科（在干苔原中有一个焦点区域，另一个在桦木森林中）和芬兰的凯沃（一个重点是湿苔原，另一个是在干苔原上）。在凯沃（Kevo）和阿比斯科（Abisko），卫星图像和飞机航班都将包括10公里x 10公里的面积，包括两个焦点区域。该项目有八个工作包：有关植物分配和物候学的WP1研究，以及主要社区类型的呼吸产生比（通过收获，根测量和同位素示踪剂实验）。 WP2垃圾，土壤有机物（SOM），土壤的景观分布（通过土壤调查，标记为垃圾的同位素，炸弹约会以确定SOM年龄），CH4排放。 WP3腔室测量C和植被以细尺度（分辨率约为1m）从土壤和植被交换。 WP4二氧化碳/植被和大气之间的二氧化碳和水交换的连续塔测量值约为100 m，以及雪深，土壤水分和气候的记录。 WP5飞机测量两个研究区域，记录CO2以及CH4的土地表面和轮廓的水交换和图像。这些测量将扩展到许多公里平方的区域。 WP6通过卫星观察。我们将将观察结果从几种卫星仪器链接到现场活动中记录的植物覆盖物的测量。 WP7我们使用模型连接在不同时间和空间尺度上连接的信息。这些模型代表了我们对系统的最佳理解，无论是从钱伯斯，塔楼，飞机还是卫星，我们都会检查和提高对独立观察的理解。我们测试是否可以通过记录在室和塔楼以及WP1和WP2实验的细节来了解来自卫星和飞机的数据。 WP8我们将举办一个国际研讨会，与来自世界各地的同事分享我们的想法。我们将围绕现场测量培训后研究生，并为本科生提供夏季野外经验。

项目成果

The role of mosses in carbon uptake and partitioning in arctic vegetation.

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.12285
• 发表时间: 2013-07
• 期刊: The New phytologist
• 作者: L. Street;J. Subke;M. Sommerkorn;V. Sloan;Helene Ducrotoy;G. Phoenix;M. Williams

Turnover of recently assimilated carbon in arctic bryophytes.

北极苔藓植物中最近同化的碳的周转。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1988-y
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Oecologia
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Street LE