Exploiting pathogen-induced cell death to create disease resistant plants:R01GM05

利用病原体诱导的细胞死亡来创造抗病植物：R01GM05

基本信息

批准号：
7791369
负责人：
Jean T. Greenberg
金额：
$ 3.25万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-04-01 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7791369
关键词：
Abbreviations Address Affect Aggressive behavior Agriculture Agrobacterium American Ankyrin Repeat Apoptosis Area Bacteria Bacterial Infections Binding Biochemical Bioinformatics Biological Biological Assay Biology Bolivia Breeding California Cell Death Cell Death Induction Cell Death Process Cell Death Signaling Process Cells Cessation of life Chemicals Chicago Chloroplasts Cloning Collaborations Collection Communities Complex Country DNA DNA Sequence Analysis Data Data Set Defense Mechanisms Disease Disease Resistance Ecuador Educational Status Effector Cell Electrons Engineering Environment Eukaryota Eukaryotic Cell Event Farming environment Flow Cytometry Food Foundations Funding Genes Genetic Goals Grant Growth Health Host Defense Human Human Biology Hydrogen Peroxide Income Individual Infection Institutes Integral Membrane Protein International Language Lead Learning Life Link Manuscripts Mediating Membrane Membrane Potentials Mentors Metabolism Methods Microscopic Microscopy Microtomy Mission Mitochondria Modeling Molecular Monitor Natural Immunity Nature Organelles Paper Pathogenicity Peru Plant Genome Plants Population Porphyrins Positioning Attribute Potato Potato Virus X Process Production Property Proteins Proteolysis Protoplasts Proxy Publishing Race Ralstonia Ralstonia solanacearum Reading Regulation Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Resistance Respiratory Burst Rhizobium radiobacter Risk Sampling Science Signal Transduction Signaling Protein Singlet Oxygen Site Source Staging Students Subgroup Swelling System Testing Text Transgenic Organisms Underrepresented Minority United States National Institutes of Health Universities Viral Virulence Work Writing Yeasts antimicrobial base defense response experience farmer field study food security genetic resource human disease improved interest killings mitochondrial membrane novel parent grant pathogen practical application programs public health relevance research study response skills technological innovation tomography tool trait vpr Genes yeast genetics yeast two hybrid system

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research will be done primary in Bolivia at the Proinpa Foundation in collaboration with Dr. Jean Greenberg, as an extension of NIH Grant R01 GM 054292. It is widely appreciated that bacterial pathogens can cause tremendous loss of human lives. Less appreciated, perhaps, is the importance of the relationship between bacterial pathogens, plants and human health. In the developing world, the human health begins from having an adequate supply of nutritious food, usually derived from plants. One of the most important crops in Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador) is the potato. Most of the small farmers of the highland areas depend on potato as their main daily source of food and income. In Bolivia, the potato crop is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), one of the most aggressive pathogens that causes up to 90% losses in potato production. Currently, the only approach to control Rs is to promote agricultural practices that minimize the dispersal of bacteria from infected plants. Understanding the molecular basis of Rs-potato interaction will provide crucial tools for creating disease resistant potatoes. The pathogenicity of Rs lies mainly in the action of consortium of virulence proteins called effectors that the bacteria secrete via a specialized type III apparatus. These proteins can also act as avirulence (Avr) factors to induce defense responses that activate disease resistance in plants harboring the cognate resistance (R) genes. Three cases of Avr proteins from Rs have been documented (5; 12; 33). A common defense response to Avr proteins secreted by pathogens in plants is mediated by the specific action of R genes and leads to the production of an antimicrobial environment and localized programmed cell death. We are interested in identifying the Rs Avr cell death effectors that activate defense responses in potato and defining the possible plant defense molecules that interact with these effectors. In the long term, this project will expand the options available to plant breeders and give tools to engineer plants genetically to achieve more durable resistance. We previously made a large collection of effectors from a Bolivian Rs strain representative of the most aggressive Rs subgroups (Phylotype 2, Race 3, Biovar 2). A number of these effectors are sufficient to elicit cell death in a resistant, but inedible potato variety that could be used to find resistance traits that could be transferred to other edible varieties. Here, we propose to determine which cell death effectors have defense-inducing (Avr) properties. For the subset of bona fide Avr effectors, we will determine their subcellular localization in plants cells. Finally we will characterize the interactions of the Avr effectors with potential host target proteins. This work will have the added benefit of contributing to the control of phylotype 2 race 3 biovar 2 Rs strains, a group considered a bioterror threat in the USA. Public Health Relevance: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum affects potato, one of the most important crop of Bolivian agriculture. To create more durable and efficient resistant plants we will identify defense-response inducing effectors.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究将与Jean Greenberg博士合作，在Proinpa基金会的初级进行，作为NIH Grant R01 GM 054292的扩展。广泛认为细菌病原体会造成人类生命的巨大损失。也许不太明白的是细菌病原体，植物和人类健康之间关系的重要性。在发展中国家，人类健康始于通常源自植物的充足的营养食品。马铃薯是安第斯国家（玻利维亚，秘鲁和厄瓜多尔）最重要的农作物之一。高地地区的大多数小农民都依靠马铃薯作为他们的主要日常食物和收入来源。在玻利维亚，马铃薯作物严重受到拉尔斯托尼亚茄（Ralstonia solanacearum）（RS）引起的细菌枯萎病，这是最具侵略性的病原体之一，在马铃薯生产中造成高达90％的损失。当前，控制RS的唯一方法是促进农业实践，以最大程度地减少受感染植物的细菌分散。了解RS-Potato相互作用的分子基础将为产生抗病土豆提供关键的工具。 RS的致病性主要在于毒力蛋白联盟的作用，称为效应子，该细菌通过专门的III型设备分泌。这些蛋白质还可以充当气相（AVR）因素，以诱导具有同源耐药性（R）基因的植物中抗病性的防御反应。已经记录了三种来自RS的AVR蛋白的病例（5; 12; 33）。植物中病原体分泌的对AVR蛋白的常见防御反应是由R基因的特定作用介导的，并导致产生抗菌环境和局部程序性细胞死亡。我们有兴趣确定激活马铃薯中防御反应的RS AVR细胞死亡效应子，并定义与这些效应子相互作用的植物防御分子。从长远来看，该项目将扩大植物育种者可用的选择，并为工厂提供基因工厂的工具，以实现更耐用的抵抗力。以前，我们从最具侵略性的RS亚组的玻利维亚RS菌株（系统2，Race 3，Biovar 2）中制作了大量效应子。这些效应子中的许多足以引起耐药性的细胞死亡，但可以用来找到可以转移到其他可食用品种的抗性性状的不可食用的马铃薯品种。在这里，我们建议确定哪些细胞死亡效应子具有防御诱导（AVR）特性。对于真正的AVR效应子的子集，我们将确定它们在植物细胞中的亚细胞定位。最后，我们将表征AVR效应子与潜在宿主靶蛋白的相互作用。这项工作将带来额外的好处，可以为控制2 Race 3 Biovar 2 RS菌株的控制做出贡献。公共卫生相关性：由拉尔斯托尼亚茄剂引起的细菌枯萎病影响马铃薯，马铃薯是玻利维亚农业最重要的农作物之一。为了创建更耐用，更有效的抗性植物，我们将确定防御反应诱导效应子。