Hierarchical models for the spatio-temporal dynamics in*

时空动态的分层模型*

• 批准号: 7169225
• 负责人: Gary Smith
• 金额: $ 25.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7169225
• 关键词: Accounting; Adverse effects; Animals; Avian Influenza; Behavior; Birds; Businesses; Cattle; Commerce; County; Data; Databases; Deer; Disease; Disease model; Domestic Fowls; Economics; End Point; Epidemic; Family; Family suidae; Farming environment; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Force of Gravity; Geographic Information Systems; Gold; Heterogeneity; Human; Individual; Infection; Infection Control; Literature; Livestock; Location; Maps; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Movement; Outcome; Pattern; Pennsylvania; Population; Prevention; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Purpose; Quarantine; Range; Recovery; Resolution; Sheep; Social Well-Being; Speed; Standards of Weights and Measures; Sus scrofa; System; Testing; Vaccination; Vaccine Therapy; Work; Zip Code; base; comparative; density; disorder control; feral; food terrorism; instrument; interest; psychologic; response; size; social; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We shall develop an evidence-based hierarchical family of paradigmatic model frameworks for the temporal and spatial spread of two directly transmitted infections of farm animals: Avian Influenza (Al) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). With respect to modeling disease systems we shall create both local (within herd/flock), county, state and national models of Al and FMD. The hierarchical strategy is important because the simpler models can be completed more quickly and parameterized more readily and are therefore more likely to be available for use than the more complicated models. Their behavior can more easily be generalized to other systems and can inform response measures in a strategic (if not tactical) sense. The more complicated models are essential tactical instruments but will take longer to complete and their behavior may not be so easily generalized to other infections. Our proposal represents a compromise between the need to provide useful strategic information about a range of potential threats - and the requirement that we can inform tactical decisions about prevention, response and recovery. Among other things, we shall investigate the appropriate level of granularity (scale) for each of these models. There are few regions in the USA where farms locations are mapped to level of detail required for most existing types of models for spatial and temporal spread at state or national scales. We shall devise models (metapopulation/ Patch/ Gravity models) based on other spatial resolutions (e.g. data based on zip codes, counties, or a national grid system). We shall test and calibrate these approximations using detailed spatial stochastic models developed using detailed and extensive GIS data bases on farm location in Pennsylvania and then extend their use to other regions in the USA. We shall use the models to devise and refine strategies for prevention, response and recovery. Avian Influenza and Foot and Mouth Disease are potential agents of bio/agroterrorism in addition to being devastating animal epidemic diseases in their own right which have dramatic adverse effects on the well-being (social, economic and psychological) of human populations. The models proposed here will assist in planning strategies for prevention, control and response. In the case of Avian Influenza especially, controlling the infection in birds is a pre-emptive strategy for control in people.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将为两种农场动物直接传播感染的时间和空间传播：禽流感（Al）和口蹄疫（FMD）开发一个基于证据的分层范式模型框架家族。在疾病系统建模方面，我们将创建当地（牛群/羊群内）、县、州和国家的 Al 和 FMD 模型。分层策略很重要，因为更简单的模型可以更快地完成并且更容易参数化，因此比更复杂的模型更可能可供使用。他们的行为可以更容易地推广到其他系统，并且可以在战略（如果不是战术）意义上为响应措施提供信息。更复杂的模型是必不可少的战术工具，但需要更长的时间才能完成，而且它们的行为可能不会那么容易推广到其他感染。我们的提案代表了提供有关一系列潜在威胁的有用战略信息的需求与我们可以为有关预防、响应和恢复的战术决策提供信息的要求之间的折衷。除此之外，我们将研究每个模型的适当粒度（规模）级别。在美国，很少有地区的农场位置被映射到大多数现有类型的州或国家尺度空间和时间传播模型所需的详细程度。我们将设计基于其他空间分辨率（例如基于邮政编码、县或国家网格系统的数据）的模型（集合种群/斑块/重力模型）。我们将使用详细的空间随机模型来测试和校准这些近似值，这些模型是使用宾夕法尼亚州农场位置的详细和广泛的 GIS 数据库开发的，然后将其使用扩展到美国的其他地区。我们将利用这些模型来设计和完善预防、应对和恢复策略。禽流感和口蹄疫除了本身是毁灭性的动物流行病之外，也是生物/农业恐怖主义的潜在媒介，对人类福祉（社会、经济和心理）产生巨大的不利影响。这里提出的模型将有助于规划预防、控制和应对策略。特别是在禽流感的情况下，控制鸟类感染是控制人类感染的先发制人的策略。