Genetic Analysis of the Plant Defense Response

植物防御反应的遗传分析

• 批准号: 7895275
• 负责人: Frederick M Ausubel
• 金额: $ 22.87万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-18 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7895275
• 关键词: Affect; Amino Acids; Anabolism; Animals; Arabidopsis; Biological Assay; Botrytis; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cell Wall; Cells; Classification; Collaborations; Collection; Custom; Cytochromes; Data; Databases; Disease susceptibility; Drosophila genus; Ethylenes; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Immune; Immune response; Infection; Kinetics; Laboratories; Lead; MAP Kinase Gene; Mammals; Methods; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Mouse-ear Cress; Natural Immunity; Organism; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peptides; Plant Roots; Plants; Polygalacturonase; Process; Protoplasts; Pseudomonas syringae; Publishing; Resistance; Salicylic Acids; Screening procedure; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Specificity; System; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tomatoes; Virulence; Work; antimicrobial; defense response; design; genetic analysis; high throughput screening; jasmonic acid; mutant; novel; pathogen; positional cloning; research study; response; web-accessible

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plants and animals respond to PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) that are indicative of pathogens. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), plant cell wall fragments generated by pathogen polygalacturonases, function as a PAMP in Arabidopsis thaliana. We hypothesize that OG-activated innate immune response pathways are among the most ancient and are most similar to so-called "Toll-like" innate immune signaling pathways in animals. An important unanswered question in plant innate immunity is how PAMP-activated pathways relate to signaling pathways that respond to pathogen-specific signals. The specific aims are designed to further investigate Arabidopsis OG signaling pathway(s) and to identify Pseudomonas syringae Type III effectors that disrupt these pathways. We also hypothesize those Og-activated genes that encode cytochrome P450s function in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds. We have found that some P. syringae strains elicit the exudation of antimicrobial secondary products from Arabidopsis roots, but that P. syringae strain DC3000 blocks this exudation in a process that involves Type III secretion. This is a novel system to study how PAMP-elicited innate immune responses confer basal resistance and how pathogens overcome this resistance. There are five aims. We propose to use a variety of molecular genetic and genomic methods to determine how the OG signaling pathway intersects with other defense response signaling pathways. We will use forward genetic and genomic analyses to identify components of OG signaling pathway(s). We will identify P. syringae type III effectors that block OG-activated signaling pathways and/or the synthesis/exudation of antimicrobial compounds by roots. We will identify signaling pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Finally, we will enter the data from this project into IMDS, a public, web-accessible relational database.

描述（由申请人提供）：植物和动物对指示病原体的 PAMP（病原体相关分子模式）做出反应。寡聚半乳糖醛酸 (OG) 是由病原体多聚半乳糖醛酸酶产生的植物细胞壁片段，在拟南芥中充当 PAMP。我们假设 OG 激活的先天免疫反应途径是最古老的，并且与动物中所谓的“Toll 样”先天免疫信号传导途径最相似。植物先天免疫中一个重要的未解答问题是 PAMP 激活途径如何与响应病原体特异性信号的信号途径相关。具体目标是进一步研究拟南芥 OG 信号通路并鉴定破坏这些通路的丁香假单胞菌 III 型效应子。我们还假设那些编码细胞色素 P450 的 Og 激活基因在抗菌化合物的生物合成中发挥作用。我们发现，一些丁香假单胞菌菌株引起拟南芥根部分泌抗菌次级产物，但丁香假单胞菌菌株 DC3000 在涉及 III 型分泌的过程中阻止了这种分泌。这是一个新的系统，用于研究 PAMP 引发的先天免疫反应如何赋予基础抵抗力以及病原体如何克服这种抵抗力。有五个目标。我们建议使用多种分子遗传学和基因组方法来确定 OG 信号通路如何与其他防御反应信号通路交叉。我们将使用正向遗传和基因组分析来识别 OG 信号通路的组成部分。我们将鉴定丁香假单胞菌 III 型效应子，该效应子可阻断 OG 激活的信号通路和/或根部抗菌化合物的合成/渗出。我们将确定导致抗菌化合物生物合成的信号通路。最后，我们将该项目的数据输入 IMDS，这是一个可通过 Web 访问的公共关系数据库。