Effectiveness of bicycle helmet laws in preventing injuries among youth

自行车头盔法在预防青少年受伤方面的有效性

• 批准号: 7641702
• 负责人: PINKA CHATTERJI
• 金额: $ 8.96万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-22 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7641702
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Accidents; Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Behavior; Bicycle crash; Bicycling; Cessation of life; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Data; District of Columbia; Effectiveness; Electronics; Goals; Head; Helmet; Hospitals; Injury; Knowledge; Laws; Link; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Policy Maker; Preventive; Probability; Regression Analysis; Regulation; Relative (related person); Reporting; School-Age Population; Skates; Skating; Sports; System; Teenagers; Trauma; United States; Visit; Youth; age group; aged; bicycle injury; design; mortality; prevent; public health relevance; skateboarding

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although state and local mandatory helmet laws have become widespread in the US, there is almost no information on whether such regulations actually decrease injuries from bicycle-related accidents. The first aim is to use pooled, annual, hospital-level data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) to assess whether mandatory helmet laws implemented in states and localities in the United States between 1991 and 2007 were effective in reducing injuries among youth. We focus on bicycle-related traumatic head injuries among youth aged 5 to 18 that require emergency room treatment. Since helmet laws vary widely in the age groups targeted (e.g. under 12, under 18), we also plan to assess the relative effectiveness of helmet laws that pertain to different age groups. The second aim is to use data from the NEISS to assess whether helmet laws have had spillover effects on age groups and on other recreational activities not specifically targeted by the laws. Although the majority of bicycle helmet laws pertain to young children, the laws may encourage older children and adults to wear helmets, and thus may reduce head injuries in those groups as well. In addition, children who are required to wear helmets while bicycling may be more likely to wear helmets while participating in similar sports (e.g., ATV riding), potentially reducing head injuries associated with those sports as well. To address both these aims, we use regression analyses to link hospital-level injury rates to state and local level helmet laws, controlling for a range of other factors that affect injury rates. In sensitivity analyses, we will investigate whether helmet laws are associated with increases in helmet usage among youth, and whether there are effects of laws on risky cycling behaviors and ridership. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study would be the first to consider the effects of bicycle helmet laws on bicycle-related injuries that are reported by hospital emergency departments. The results from this study will provide policymakers with new, important information not only about the effectiveness of existing helmet laws, but also about how these laws can be designed to maximize their preventive benefits.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在美国已经普遍存在州和地方强制性头盔法律，但几乎没有关于此类法规是否实际上减少与自行车相关事故的伤害的信息。第一个目的是使用来自国家电子伤害监视系统（NEISS）的合并，年度医院级数据来评估1991年至2007年之间在美国和地区实施的强制性头盔法，可有效减少青年人的伤害。我们专注于5至18岁的年轻人中需要急诊室治疗的与自行车相关的创伤性头部受伤。由于头盔定律在针对目标的年龄组中差异很大（例如12岁以下，18岁以下），因此我们还计划评估与不同年龄段有关的头盔定律的相对有效性。第二个目的是使用NEISS的数据来评估头盔法律是否对年龄组和其他未针对法律专门针对的娱乐活动产生了溢出作用。尽管大多数自​​行车头盔法与幼儿有关，但法律可能会鼓励大儿童和成人戴头盔，因此也可能减少这些群体的头部受伤。此外，在参加类似运动（例如，ATV骑行）时，需要戴头盔的孩子可能更有可能戴头盔，这也可能减少与这些运动相关的头部受伤。为了解决这两个目标，我们使用回归分析将医院水平的伤害率与州和地方头盔法联系起来，从而控制了影响伤害率的其他一系列因素。在敏感性分析中，我们将调查头盔定律是否与青年人头盔使用的增加以及法律对风险骑自行车行为和乘客的影响是否相关。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将是第一个考虑自行车头盔法对医院急诊室报告的自行车相关伤害的影响。这项研究的结果将为政策制定者提供有关现有头盔法律有效性的新的重要信息，以及如何设计这些法律以最大程度地提高其预防效益。