A Global View of Regenerating Plant Cells

再生植物细胞的全球视野

基本信息

批准号：
7822878
负责人：
Kenneth David Birnbaum
金额：
$ 25.5万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-06-19 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): All major branches of multi-cellular life have the ability to repair damaged tissue, using cells from the adult body to generate replacement cells for tissue replenishment and organ repair. Recent work in mammals has suggested that adult stem cells arising from one tissue may have the flexibility to give rise to specialized cells of another tissue, raising the possibility that adult stem cells may provide a therapy to regenerate damaged tissue. Plants and animals share many basic cellular processes, including RNA interference, a primitive defense system that has also controls development in both kingdoms. Plants are a quintessential model for regeneration, as almost all plant species readily use cells set aside for one purpose to replace damaged cells of another purpose, analogously to adult stem cell flexibility in mammals ("developmental plasticity"). We use an in vivo regeneration system in plants that affords powerful analytical tools to help understand the process of cell fate plasticity in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We address the hypothesis that partially differentiated cells first must revert to more basic stem cell fates perhaps similar to embryonic stem cells, in order to give rise to new cell types during regeneration. In addition, we use genomics to discover the candidate that may trigger regeneration at the cellular level. On the experimental side, we use the root tip, which has a simple and highly organized structure, and a large selection of fluorescent markers to analyze the molecular events that occur in cells in regenerating tissue. In Aim 1, we use high-resolution microscopy to visualize individual cells, monitor their identities and their potential reversion to stem cells in order to determine how cells can transform their identity. In Aim 2, we measure gene activity in a variety of different stem cells to obtain a comprehensive catalog of stem cell identity. This is done using new techniques we have developed to capture specific cell types and monitor their comprehensive gene activity using microarrays. In Aim 3, we use the same methods to obtain comprehensive readouts of the cells that undergo regeneration. We then use the catalog of stem cell identity genes identified in Aim 2 to ask whether regenerating cells possess any common factors with basal stem cells. In Aim 4, we look at mutants in genes whose expression implicates them in early regeneration. This work is aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms that trigger tissue regeneration at the level of the cell. These results are aimed at providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of regeneration in plants that can be related to potentially similar mechanisms in plants either at the level of common genes or different genes that control analogous processes.

描述（由申请人提供）：使用成人体内的细胞生成替代细胞进行组织补充和器官修复，所有多细胞寿命的所有主要分支都具有修复受损组织的能力。哺乳动物的最新研究表明，由一种组织引起的成年干细胞可能具有引起另一个组织的专门细胞的灵活性，从而提高了成年干细胞可以提供一种治疗疗法来再生受损组织的疗法。动植物共享许多基本的细胞过程，包括RNA干扰，这是一种原始的防御系统，它也控制了两个王国的发展。植物是再生的典型模型，因为几乎所有植物物种都易于将细胞用于一个目的，以替代另一种目的的受损细胞，类似于哺乳动物的成年干细胞柔韧性（“发育可塑性”）。我们在植物中使用一个体内再生系统，可提供强大的分析工具，以帮助了解模型植物拟南芥中细胞命运可塑性的过程。我们解决了以下假设：部分分化的细胞首先必须恢复到可能类似于胚胎干细胞的更基本的干细胞命运，以便在再生过程中引起新的细胞类型。此外，我们使用基因组学来发现可能在细胞水平触发再生的候选者。在实验侧，我们使用的是具有简单且高度组织的结构的根尖端，并选择了大量的荧光标记物来分析再生组织中细胞中发生的分子事件。在AIM 1中，我们使用高分辨率显微镜来可视化单个细胞，监测其身份以及它们对干细胞的潜在反转，以确定细胞如何转化其身份。在AIM 2中，我们测量各种不同干细胞中的基因活性，以获得干细胞身份的全面目录。这是使用我们开发的新技术来捕获特定细胞类型并使用微阵列监测其综合基因活性的。在AIM 3中，我们使用相同的方法来获取经历再生细胞的全面读数。然后，我们使用AIM 2中鉴定的干细胞身份基因的目录来询问再生细胞是否具有基础干细胞的任何常见因素。在AIM 4中，我们研究了基因中的突变体，其表达在早期再生中暗示它们。这项工作旨在理解触发细胞水平的组织再生的基本机制。这些结果旨在提供有关植物再生基本机制的见解，这些机制可能与共同基因水平或控制类似过程的不同基因的植物的潜在相似机制有关。