Calreticulin's functions in the adaptive immune response

钙网蛋白在适应性免疫反应中的功能

• 批准号: 7881344
• 负责人: MALINI RAGHAVAN
• 金额: $ 2.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-14 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7881344
• 关键词: Alanine; Antigen Presentation; Antigen Presentation Pathway; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; Apoptotic; Binding; Binding Sites; Biochemical; Calcium; Calnexin; Cell surface; Cells; Cellular Stress; Chickens; Complex; Cross Presentation; Cross-Priming; Defect; Dimerization; Disulfides; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endosomes; Glycoproteins; Heating; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; IgY; Immune response; Immunity; Immunofluorescence Immunologic; In Vitro; Lectin; Link; Location; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Chaperones; Molecular Conformation; Mutate; Oligosaccharides; Pathway interactions; Peptides; Phagocytes; Physiological; Polysaccharides; Property; Proteins; Proteolysis; Quality Control; Role; Route; Site; Structure; Substrate Interaction; Surface; T-Lymphocyte; Tunicamycin; Vaccine Design; Virus Diseases; Work; activated protein C receptor; base; calreticulin; conformational conversion; dimer; endoplasmic reticulum stress; in vitro activity; in vivo; insight; mutant; polypeptide; protein folding; receptor; research study; trafficking; trans-Golgi Network; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that promotes folding and assembly of glycoproteins, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Calreticulin also has the capacity to direct exogenous antigens onto the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway, a phenomenon called cross-presentation. As a lectin, Calreticulin interacts with monoglucosylated core glycans on glycoproteins. Under certain conditions, Calreticulin is able to bind polypeptide components of substrates. Calcium depletion and heat-treatment expose calreticulin's polypeptide binding site and enhance Calreticulin binding to polypeptide substrates in vitro and in vivo cells. These treatments also induce Calreticulin dimerization and oligomerization. The formation of Calreticulin dimers is additionally induced by other types of ER stress, including virus infection and tunicamycin treatment. It is our hypothesis that these conformational transitions and polypeptide-binding properties are important for calreticulin's protein folding and cross-priming functions in cells. The first specific aim explores the role of polypeptide binding by Calreticulin during MHC class I folding and assembly in cells. We propose partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry-based approaches to identify Calreticulin sub-domains that are mobilized by calcium depletion. Conserved hydrophobic residues of Calreticulin, that are predicted to be surface-exposed, will be mutated to alanines. Mutants that display defects in interactions with polypeptide components of MHC class I heavy chains in vitro, as well as other mutants with defects in binding oligosaccharide substrates, will be expressed in calreticulin-deficient cells, and assessed for the ability to facilitate MHC class I folding and assembly. Together, these studies will allow us to refine our working model for the calreticulin-substrate interaction cycle, in which alternating interactions with oligosaccharide and polypeptide components of substrates are proposed. We will attempt to crystallize truncated versions of Calreticulin that have enhanced ability to bind polypeptide substrates, and also crystallize Calreticulin complexes with chicken IgY fragments. The second specific aim will explore mechanisms of calreticulin-mediated cross-presentation. Intracellular trafficking of Calreticulin and calreticulin-associated peptides during cross-presentation will be assessed, to investigate the hypothesis of an endosome-trans Golgi network-ER trafficking route. The requirement for Calreticulin for cross-presentation of antigens associated with apoptotic cells will also be assessed. Finally, the effects of ER stress on Calreticulin trafficking, cell surface expression, and interactions with receptors on antigen presenting cells will be assessed. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of calreticulin's functions, and elucidation of conditions that enhance calreticulin's T cell priming activities, will facilitate more effective design of vaccines.

描述（由申请人提供）：钙网蛋白是一种内质网（ER）伴侣，可促进糖蛋白的折叠和组装，包括主要的组织相容性复合物（MHC）I类分子。钙网蛋白还具有将外源性抗原引导到MHC I类抗原呈现途径的能力，这是一种称为交叉表现的现象。作为凝集素，钙网蛋白与糖蛋白上的一单葡萄糖基化核聚糖相互作用。在某些条件下，钙网蛋白能够结合底物的多肽成分。钙的耗竭和热处理可暴露钙网蛋白的多肽结合位点，并在体外和体内增强钙网蛋白结合与多肽底物的结合。这些处理还诱导钙网蛋白二聚化和低聚。钙网蛋白二聚体的形成还由其他类型的ER胁迫（包括病毒感染和女衣霉素治疗）诱导。我们的假设是，这些构象转变和多肽结合特性对于钙网蛋白的蛋白质折叠和交叉染色功能至关重要。第一个特定目的探讨了在MHC I类折叠和组装细胞中通过钙网蛋白结合的多肽结合的作用。我们提出了部分蛋白水解和基于质谱的方法，以鉴定钙蛋白亚染色体通过钙耗竭动员。预测表面暴露的钙网蛋白的保守疏水残基将突变为丙氨酸。在体外与MHC I类重链的多肽组件相互作用以及其他具有结合寡糖寡糖底物缺陷的突变体相互作用的突变体将在缺乏钙蛋白缺陷型细胞中表达，并评估具有促进MHC I类折叠和组装和组装和组装的能力。总之，这些研究将使我们能够为钙网蛋白 - 底物相互作用周期完善我们的工作模型，其中提出了与寡糖和多肽的交替相互作用的底物相互作用。我们将尝试结晶截短的钙网蛋白的截短版本，这些版本具有增强的结合多肽底物的能力，并用鸡Igy片段结晶了钙网蛋白络合物。第二个特定目的将探索钙网蛋白介导的交叉散发的机制。将评估钙网蛋白和钙网蛋白相关的肽的细胞内运输，以研究内体型高尔基网络贩运途径的假设。还将评估钙网蛋白对与凋亡细胞相关的抗原交叉呈递的需求。最后，将评估ER应激对钙网蛋白运输，细胞表面表达以及与受体在抗原呈递细胞上的相互作用的影响。了解钙网蛋白功能的分子机制，以及阐明增强钙网蛋白T细胞启动活性的条件，将有助于更有效的疫苗设计。