Risk for Future Outbreaks of Henipaviruses in South Asia

南亚未来亨尼帕病毒爆发的风险

基本信息

批准号：
7492899
负责人：
Jonathan H Epstein
金额：
$ 13.1万
依托单位：
ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-15 至 2011-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7492899
关键词：
Animals Antibodies Appendix Area Asia Australia Bangladesh Behavior Behavioral Birth Breeding Cambodia Case Fatality Rates Chiroptera Class Communicable Diseases Country Data Demography Development Diagnostic Procedure Disease Disease Outbreaks Domestic Animals Ecology Environment Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epidemiologist FRS2 gene Family Pteropodidae Fruit Future Genus Pteropus Goals Health Health Policy Hendra Virus Henipavirus Human India Indonesia Infection Label Laboratories Lactation Lead Liquid substance Location Longitudinal Studies Malaysia Modeling Molecular Movement Nipah Virus Numbers Outcome Paramyxovirus Persons Physiological Placenta Polymerase Chain Reaction Pregnancy Prevalence Prevention Protocols documentation Public Health Qualifying Range Rate Reporting Research Research Personnel Research Training Risk Sampling Seasonal Variations Serologic tests Serological Seroprevalences Site Stress Study of serum Surveillance Program Techniques Telemetry Testing Thailand Time Tissues Training Training Programs Vaccines Veterinarians Viral Virus Virus Diseases Virus Shedding Week Work Zoonoses career density design experience fetal male mathematical model microchip migration multidisciplinary pathogen predictive modeling prevent programs size skills theories transmission process viral RNA

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many emerging diseases are caused by zoonotic pathogens which spillover from wildlife reservoirs to humans following changes in demography, behavior or environment. Veterinarians can provide important input into research on emerging zoonoses, but specific training programs for these are lacking. The proposed training program will provide multidisciplinary training in molecular and serological diagnostic techniques and mathematical modeling of disease dynamics of a lethal zoonosis. Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently discovered, lethal, Class C potential bioterror pathogen with a case fatality rate of 40 - 79% in humans and for which no vaccines, nor clinically-proven therapies exist. Fruit bats (Pteropus spp.), have been identified as the natural reservoir for NiV and related viruses in Asia and Australia. Since 2001, NiV has caused five recognized outbreaks in Bangladesh and one in India. In contrast to Malaysia, where the virus first emerged, no intermediate animal host has been identified in Bangladesh, and there is evidence of direct bat-to-human transmission and person-to-person transmission. The specific aims of this proposal are to: 1) Examine the distribution of NiV in flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh and bat migration among colonies by catching and testing bats for NiV using serological and molecular techniques, and satellite telemetry; 2) Test the hypothesis that seasonal NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh correspond to seasonal spikes in viral prevalence in fruit bat reservoirs during pregnancy and synchronous birthing, by conducting a longitudinal study within a bat colony in an area adjacent to a human NiV outbreak; and 3) Develop a parameterized predictive model for Nipah virus emergence in Bangladesh using data from this research to inform the model. I will co-analyse human epidemiological data with bat transmission data to identify specific temporal, spatial and contact risks for NiV spillover. Results from this study can be used to inform public health policy for the prevention of Nipah virus outbreaks. Ultimately, I hope to create a model for identifying "hotspots" of high risk for NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh which can then be extrapolated to other countries where fruit bats occur such as India. This training program will provide a unique opportunity to develop my skills as a veterinary epidemiologist so that I can design and lead future research on the causes of zoonotic disease emergence.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多新兴疾病是由人畜共患病变的人畜共患病原体引起的，这些病原体从野生动植物储藏室溢出到人口统计学，行为或环境的变化之后。兽医可以对新兴人畜共患病的研究提供重要的意见，但是缺乏针对这些人的特定培训计划。拟议的培训计划将提供分子和血清学诊断技术的多学科培训，以及致命性人畜共患病的疾病动力学的数学模型。 NIPAH病毒（NIV）是最近发现的致命性，C类潜在的生物疗法病原体，病例死亡率为40-79％，并且没有疫苗，也不存在临床疗法。水果蝙蝠（pteropus spp。）已被确定为亚洲和澳大利亚的NIV和相关病毒的天然储层。自2001年以来，NIV在孟加拉国引起了五次公认的爆发，在印度爆发了一次。与该病毒首次出现的马来西亚相反，在孟加拉国未发现中间动物宿主，并且有证据表明直接的蝙蝠到人类传播和人与人之间的传播。该提案的具体目的是：1）检查孟加拉国的NIV（pteropus giganteus）中NIV的分布，并通过使用血清学和分子技术和卫星遥测来捕获和测试NIV，并通过捕获NIV和测试蝙蝠来迁移。 2）检验以下假设：孟加拉国的季节性NIV爆发对应于怀孕和同步分娩期间果蝙蝠库中病毒率普遍存在的季节性峰值，通过在与人类NIV爆发的地区相邻的蝙蝠群落中进行纵向研究； 3）使用本研究中的数据为孟加拉国的NIPAH病毒出现开发一个参数化的预测模型，以告知该模型。我将与BAT传输数据共同分析人类流行病学数据，以识别NIV溢出的特定时间，空间和接触风险。这项研究的结果可用于为预防NIPAH病毒暴发的公共卫生政策提供信息。最终，我希望创建一个模型，以识别孟加拉国NIV爆发高风险的“热点”，然后可以将其推断到其他水果蝙蝠出现的国家，例如印度。该培训计划将提供一个独特的机会来发展我作为兽医流行病学家的技能，以便我可以设计和领导对人畜共动性疾病出现原因的未来研究。