Confocal line-scanning versus point-scanning for imaging human skin in vivo

共焦线扫描与点扫描对人体皮肤体内成像

基本信息

批准号：
7413999
负责人：
MILIND RAJADHYAKSHA
金额：
$ 48.88万
依托单位：
SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-08-01 至 2010-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to compare two confocal line-scanning microscopes to a standard confocal pointscanning microscope for reflectance imaging of human skin in vivo. One line-scanner is based on a divided objective lens pupil and the other based on a full pupil configuration. Each configuration has advantages. The long-term objective is to create a fundamentally simpler class of confocal reflectance scanning microscopes for imaging human skin cancers for clinical and surgical dermatology. Every year, in the USA alone, 1.2 million new cases of skin cancers are diagnosed. Of the 5.5 million biopsies performed, 80% turn out to be normal and thus avoidable, costing US healthcare $1.65 billion annually. Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of these skin cancers noninvasively and in real-time, with minimal need for biopsy. The hypothesis is that a confocal line-scanner with either a divided-pupil or a full pupil will be simple, and will provide very high resolution and optical sectioning. Such line-scanning microscopes may compete with today's state-of-the-art point-scanning microscopes for imaging human skin in vivo, for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance applications. Preliminary results with a prototype confocal divided-pupil line-scanner demonstrate imaging of nuclear and cellular detail in the epidermis of human skin in vivo. The prototype is considerably less complicated than a point-scanner. The specific aims are to create a confocal line-scanner that combines both divided-pupil and full-pupil configurations. The combined divided-and-full pupil will enable experimental evaluation of their line spread functions (LSFs) and imaging performance under identical optical and skin conditions. Experimental comparisons of divided pupil and full-pupil LSFs to the confocal point spread function (PSF) will be made under two conditions: diffraction-limited (i. e., nominal instrument) conditions as well as scattering and aberrating conditions of actual skin (i. e., deep within human dermis, through full-thickness epidermis). Divided-pupil and full-pupil line-scanned images of human skin, both ex vivo and in vivo, will be compared to histology and to the well characterized images obtained by confocal point-scanners. Background noise and contrast in the images will be quantitatively compared between the two line-scanning and the point-scanning methods. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of skin cancers such as melanomas and basal- and squamous-cell carcinomas, or may guide surgery of such cancers, directly and in real-time on the patient. The diagnosis or surgical guidance may be noninvasive, with minimal need for biopsy, minimal pain and minimal expense.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是将两个共聚焦线扫描显微镜与体内人体皮肤反射成像的标准共聚焦点扫描显微镜进行比较。一个线扫描仪基于分裂的目标镜头学生，另一个基于完整的学生配置。每种配置都有优势。长期目标是创建一种从根本上简单的共聚焦反射率扫描显微镜，以成像人体皮肤癌的临床和手术皮肤病学。每年仅在美国，就会诊断出120万例新皮肤癌病例。在进行的550万活检中，有80％的人是正常的，因此可以避免，每年耗资16.5亿美元的医疗保健。共聚焦反射率显微镜可以实时筛查和诊断这些皮肤癌的实时和实时筛查，对活检的需求最少。假设是，具有分裂学生或完整学生的共聚焦线扫描仪很简单，并且将提供很高的分辨率和光学切片。这种扫描的显微镜可能会与当今的最先进的点扫描显微镜竞争，用于在体内成像人体皮肤，用于临床诊断和手术指导应用。原型共聚焦分裂的学生线扫描仪的初步结果证明了体内人类皮肤表皮中核和细胞细节的成像。该原型的复杂性要小得多。具体的目的是创建一个共同的线条扫描仪，结合了划分的学生和全学生配置。组合的分裂学生将在相同的光学和皮肤条件下对其线扩散功能（LSF）和成像性能进行实验评估。在两种条件下，将进行分裂的学生和全维LSF与共聚焦点扩散功能（PSF）的实验比较：衍射限制（即，名义仪器）条件（象征仪器）条件以及实际皮肤的散射和散射和差异（即，通过人类皮肤深处，通过全粉状表皮）进行。将体内和体内的人类皮肤的划分的学生和全学生线扫描图像与组织学和通过共聚焦点扫描仪获得的良好特征图像进行比较。图像中的背景噪声和对比度将在两个线扫描和点扫描方法之间进行定量比较。与公共卫生共聚焦反射显微镜相关，可以使皮肤癌（例如黑色素瘤，基底和鳞状细胞癌）进行筛查和诊断，或者可以直接和实时地指导此类癌症的手术。诊断或手术指导可能是无创的，对活检，最小疼痛和最小费用的需求最少。