AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS: A DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM

两栖动物的变态：一个发育程序

基本信息

批准号：
7600738
负责人：
DONALD D BROWN
金额：
$ 7.8万
依托单位：
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1975
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1975-09-01 至 2010-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7600738
关键词：
Accounting Amphibia Animal Model Biological Biological Metamorphosis Biology Biomedical Research Brain Cell Communication Cell Proliferation Cells Cessation of life Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Country DNA biosynthesis Development Disease Dominant Negative Receptor Drosophila genus Embryonic Development Enzymes Event Feedback Gene Expression Gene Transfer Techniques Genes Genetic Genome Growth Health Hormonal Hormones Human Hypothalamic Hormones Hypothalamic structure Individual Intestines Investments Iodide Peroxidase Laboratories Life Cycle Stages Mediating Methods Modeling Modems Molecular Mus Numbers Organ Organism Pancreas Phenotype Process Proteins Rana Reporter Response Elements Role Scientist Spastic Spinal Cord Stem cells Tadpoles Techniques Testing Thinking Thyroid Gland Thyroid Hormones Time Transgenes Vertebrates Water Xenopus laevis Yeasts base cell type gene function mutant programs promoter sperm cell success

项目摘要

One of the most dramatic advances in biomedical research in the past t5 years has been the demonstration that human disorders can be studied in model organisms. This is a tribute to the investment of our country in basic biology. Genetic organisms such as yeast, Drosophila, C. etegans, and the mouse have led the way, but the organism par excellence for the study of thyroid hormone, one of the most important hormones for human health, is the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Although vertebrates in all of the various phyla including humans require thyroid hormone (TH) to complete their life cycle, by far the most dramatic example is the role of TH in amphibian metamorphosis. TH is required absolutely for all of the remarkable changes that convert a tadpole into a frog. Many features of TH biology are identical in all vertebrates. However, the ease with which the model amphibian organism, X. laevis can be raised in the laboratory, the ability to manipulate TH levels, and the abundance of the material all make X. laevis the best model organism to study the action of TH. The mere addition of TH to the rearing water induces all of the events of metamorphosis. TH controls celt death, cell proliferation, and the remodeling of organs. Modem genetic methods are being applied to X. laevis with great success beginning with the new sperm mediated transgenesis technique of Kroll and Amaya. By expressing genes or mutant genes that interfere with metamorphosis in specific cell types the TH-controtled developmental program of a single cell type can be inhibited or activated selectively. The expression of detrimental gene products can be activated in cells at precise times in development utilizing controllable promoters. This wonderful old biological problem that previously could only be described by scientists is now yielding to modem molecular methods.

过去五年来，生物医学研究最引人注目的进展之一是证明可以在模型生物体中研究人类疾病。这是对投资的致敬我国在基础生物学方面。酵母、果蝇、C. etegans 和小鼠等遗传生物体具有引领潮流，但该生物体在甲状腺激素研究方面表现出色，甲状腺激素是最重要的激素之一对人体健康产生荷尔蒙的，是两栖动物，非洲爪蟾。尽管脊椎动物属于所有不同的门包括人类在内，需要甲状腺激素（TH）来完成其生命周期，这是迄今为止最引人注目的例如 TH 在两栖动物变态中的作用。所有非凡的成就绝对需要TH 将蝌蚪变成青蛙的变化。 TH 生物学的许多特征在所有脊椎动物中都是相同的。然而，模型两栖生物 X. laevis 可以在实验室中轻松饲养，操纵 TH 水平的能力和丰富的物质都使 X. laevis 成为最好的模式生物研究TH的作用。仅仅在饲养水中添加 TH 就会引发以下所有事件变态。 TH 控制细胞死亡、细胞增殖和器官重塑。现代遗传学从新的精子介导的方法开始，方法被应用于 X. laevis 并取得了巨大成功 Kroll 和 Amaya 的转基因技术。通过表达干扰基因或突变基因特定细胞类型的变态 TH 控制的单一细胞类型的发育程序可以是选择性抑制或激活。有害基因产物的表达可以在细胞中被激活利用可控启动子实现精确的发育时间。这个奇妙的古老生物学问题以前只能由科学家来描述，现在已经让位于现代分子方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（11）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

In vitro and in vivo analysis of the regulation of a transcription factor gene by thyroid hormone during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis.

DOI：
10.1210/mend.13.12.0383
发表时间：
1999-12
期刊：
Molecular endocrinology
影响因子：
0
作者：
J. Furlow;D. D. Brown-D.
通讯作者：
J. Furlow;D. D. Brown-D.

The molecular basis of differential gene expression of two 5S RNA genes.

两个5S RNA基因差异基因表达的分子基础。

DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.067
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Brown,DD;Schlissel,MS
通讯作者：
Schlissel,MS

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和体细胞中相关的 5S RNA 转录因子。

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.78.3.1760
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Pelham,HR;Wormington,WM;Brown,DD
通讯作者：
Brown,DD

A specific transcription factor that can bind either the 5S RNA gene or 5S RNA.

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.77.7.4170
发表时间：
1980-07
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
H. Pelham;D. D. Brown-D.
通讯作者：
H. Pelham;D. D. Brown-D.

Transdifferentiation of tadpole pancreatic acinar cells to duct cells mediated by Notch and stromelysin-3.