Adaptive Evolution of Color Vision

色觉的适应性进化

• 批准号: 7342800
• 负责人: SHOZO YOKOYAMA
• 金额: $ 36.4万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-02-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7342800
• 关键词: Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acids; Bayesian Method; Binding; Biological Models; Bioluminescence; Bos taurus; Cattle; Charge; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chimera organism; Color Visions; Computing Methodologies; DNA; Depth; Electrostatics; Engineering; Environment; Evolution; Fishes; Genes; Genetic; Globin; Goals; Habitats; Hybrids; Individual; Ions; Life; Light; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Nature; Nucleotides; Object Attachment; Opsin; Organism; Pattern; Phototransduction; Phylogenetic Analysis; Pigments; Polyenes; Proteins; Range; Rate; Research; Research Personnel; Retinal; Retinal Pigments; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Sea; Series; Site; Statistical Methods; Structure; Sunlight; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trees; Vertebrates; Vision; absorption; base; comparative; migration; novel strategies; programs; statistics; Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acids; Bayesian Method; Binding; Biological Models; Bioluminescence; Bos taurus; Cattle; Charge; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chimera organism; Color Visions; Computing Methodologies; DNA; Depth; Electrostatics; Engineering; Environment; Evolution; Fishes; Genes; Genetic; Globin; Goals; Habitats; Hybrids; Individual; Ions; Life; Light; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Nature; Nucleotides; Object Attachment; Opsin; Organism; Pattern; Phototransduction; Phylogenetic Analysis; Pigments; Polyenes; Proteins; Range; Rate; Research; Research Personnel; Retinal; Retinal Pigments; Rhodopsin; Schiff Bases; Sea; Series; Site; Statistical Methods; Structure; Sunlight; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trees; Vertebrates; Vision; absorption; base; comparative; migration; novel strategies; programs; statistics

Organisms encounter a diverse array of habitats and adapt to these environments with an equally diverse array of structures and functions. The long-term goal of our studies is to elucidate mechanisms that drive these adaptive changes at the molecular and functional levels. We plan to accomplish this goal using vision as a model system. In the traditional view of phototfansduction, not only are amino acid (AA) sites .that are involved in the spectral tuning of visual pigments located only in or near the "retinal binding pocket" but also they modulate the wavelength of maximal absorption (Xmax) of visual pigments mostly in an additivefashion. It is now clear, however, that neither of these "assumptions" holds in nature. Hence, to identify all critical AA changes and understand their individual and synergistic effects on the Xmax-shift,some new approaches must be taken. Only when we establish the fundamental principle of the spectral tuning, the molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution of visual pigments (and color vision) will be understood fully. Here we propose to clone all opsin genes of visual pigments of five deep-sea fishes lampfish (S. leucepsarus), loosejaw (A. scintillans), scabbardfish (L. fitchf), thornyhead (S. altivelis), and viperfish (C. macouni). We will then study both the molecular bases of spectral tuning and the mechanisms of adaptive evolution of visual pigments in a wide range of vertebrate species. Living at different depths, ranging from 200 to 4,000 m, the deep-sea fishes receive varying levels of sunlight at ~480 nm. In addition, the lampfish and viperfish emit bioluminescence at ~480 and the loosejaw at ~480 and ~700 nm. We plan to explore three features of visual pigments: 1) the molecular and chemical bases of the spectral tuning of visual pigments; 2) statisticaland experimental analysesof positively selected AA changes; and 3) co-evolution of paralogous pigments in each of the five deep-sea fish species. Using computational methods in theoretical chemistry, we plan to test four specific hypotheses of spectral tuning and identify the chemical principles by which absorption spectra of visual pigments are determined. To test whether the evolutionary patterns of different paralogouspigments are synchronized in each species according to the light distribution of the habitat, we shall comparethe evolutionary rates of nucleotide (or AA) substitution to those of the duplicated a and (3 globin genes in the same species, which will also be cloned and sequenced.

有机体遇到各种各样的栖息地，并以同样多样的方式适应这些环境 一系列结构和功能。我们研究的长期目标是阐明驱动机制 这些适应性变化在分子和功能水平上。我们计划使用愿景实现这一目标 作为模型系统。从传统的光粉饰视图中，不仅是氨基酸（AA）位点。 参与仅位于“视网膜结合口袋”或附近的视觉颜料的光谱调整，还参与 它们调节视觉颜料的最大吸收（Xmax）的波长主要是在添加剂时尚中。 但是，现在很明显，这些“假设”在本质上都不存在。因此，确定所有关键的AA 改变并理解他们对Xmax移位的个人和协同作用，这是一些新方法 必须采取。只有当我们建立光谱调整的基本原理时，分子 视觉色素（和色觉）的自适应演化机制将得到充分理解。 在这里，我们建议克隆五种深海鱼类lamp鱼的视觉色素的所有opsin基因（S. Leucepersarus），Losejaw（A。Scintillans），Scabbardfish（L。Fitchf），Thornyhead（S。Altivelis）和Viperfish（C。 MACOUNI）。然后，我们将研究光谱调谐的分子碱基和自适应的机制 视觉色素在各种脊椎动物中的演变。生活在不同的深度，从 200至4,000 m，深海鱼在〜480 nm处获得不同水平的阳光。另外，兰菲鱼 viperfish在〜480处发射生物发光，散发出〜480和〜700 nm。我们计划探索 视觉颜料的三个特征：1）视觉调谐光谱调谐的分子和化学基础 颜料； 2）统计和实验性分析正式选择了AA变化； 3）共同进化 五种深海鱼类中的每一种。在理论中使用计算方法 化学，我们计划测试光谱调整的四个特定假设，并通过 确定视觉色素的吸收光谱。测试是否的进化模式是否 根据每个物种的同步，不同 栖息地，我们将比较核苷酸（或AA）取代的进化速率与重复的 A和（同一物种中的3个球蛋白基因，也将克隆和测序。