Optimizing Multi-Modal Displays for Blind and Visually-Impaired Technology Users

为盲人和视障技术用户优化多模式显示

• 批准号: 7567792
• 负责人: Joshua A. Miele
• 金额: $ 32.86万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7567792
• 关键词: Academia; Adopted; Arts; Attention; Auditory; Categories; Characteristics; Class; Classification; Communications aid for the blind; Communities; Condition; Cueing for speech; Cues; Data; Dependence; Devices; Effectiveness; Electronics; Elements; Engineering; Experimental Designs; Feedback; Fingers; Future; Goals; Guidelines; Industry; Intuition; Knowledge; Laboratories; Left; Location; Loudness; Maps; Measures; Methods; Output; Participant; Performance; Persons; Population; Principal Investigator; Psychoacoustics; Public Health; Publishing; Purpose; Radial; Range; Rate; Rehabilitation Research; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Scanning; Scheme; Self-Help Devices; Series; Software Tools; Solid; Speech; Speech Sound; Speed; Spottings; Tactile; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Travel; Visual; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; Width; Work; auditory feedback; base; blind; design; experience; falls; haptics; improved; information display; instrument; rehabilitation engineering; research study; sensor; tool; touchpad; two-dimensional; usability; user-friendly

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our aim is to provide a quantitative basis for improving and optimizing the non-visual, non-speech information displays used in blind-accessible instruments and devices. These multi-modal "auditory/haptic" displays are used to provide feedback in a huge array of devices, instruments and travel aids via a combination of auditory cues and physical adjustment or manipulation (e.g., a knob, slider, or touch pad). Unlike synthetic speech, these displays tend to be used whenever a rapid adjustment, searching, scanning or aiming task has to be performed in real time. Examples include everything from accessible stud finders to the aiming cues for Talking Signs(R) receivers. Although auditory/haptic displays pervade the field of blind-accessible technology, no objective data exist on performance in terms of speed, accuracy or ease of use of the different display schemes or how to optimize performance within a given scheme. Designers usually adopt a display format by happenstance, based on past use or what is easiest to implement in their hardware. Our preliminary data demonstrates that speed and accuracy of such displays differ significantly, in a non-obvious way, demonstrating the need for objective information that could significantly ease the use and increase the efficiency of assistive technology and of instruments and appliances that utilize multi-modal outputs and/or universal design. To study the problem objectively, we categorize the most common audio-haptic displays as step, spike, trough and peak types. These classifications hold whether the auditory cue is pitch, volume, repetition rate or some other variable. For each of these display classes, we will investigate the dependence of performance on display characteristic (e.g., spike width, slope, etc.), then compare the relative effectiveness of the four display types at each display's point of maximum effectiveness. We will also extend these one- dimensional findings to explore two-dimensional haptic conditions, in two sets of experiments using the best-performing auditory display classes for both radial (with only one auditory feedback parameter) and x-y (with two auditory feedback parameters, one for each spatial component). The results will enable us to publish and disseminate concrete audio-haptic display design guidelines for researchers and industry, facilitating major improvements in speed and accuracy of future technology accessibility features for blind and visually impaired citizens. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will compare several types of audio displays commonly used in guidance devices and electronic instruments for the blind. Although such audio feedback techniques are often used, little is known regarding which ones are most effective. The results of this research are likely to yield significantly-improved travel devices and other tools used by blind and visually-impaired people through an improved understanding of how to apply audio display techniques.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的目的是提供定量基础，以改善和优化盲人访问仪器和设备中使用的非视觉，非语音信息显示。这些多模式的“听觉/触觉”显示器用于通过听觉提示以及物理调整或操纵（例如旋钮，滑块或触摸板）的组合在大量设备，仪器和旅行辅助设备中提供反馈。与综合语音不同，每当必须实时执行快速调整，搜索，扫描或瞄准任务时，这些显示往往会使用。示例包括从可访问的螺柱查找器到谈话标志（R）接收器的目标线索的所有内容。尽管听觉/触觉显示遍布盲目访问技术的领域，但在速度，准确性或易于使用不同的显示方案方面的性能不存在客观数据，或者如何在给定方案中优化性能。设计人员通常会根据过去的使用或在硬件中最容易实现的方式采用显示格式。我们的初步数据表明，此类显示器的速度和准确性以一种非明显的方式有很大差异，这表明了对客观信息的需求，这些信息可能会大大减轻使用并提高辅助技术的效率以及利用多模式的工具和设备的效率输出和/或通用设计。为了客观地研究该问题，我们将最常见的音频显示器显示为步骤，尖峰，槽和峰值类型。这些分类是听觉提示是音高，音量，重复率还是其他一些变量。对于这些显示类别中的每一个，我们将调查性能对​​显示特征的依赖性（例如，尖峰宽度，斜率等），然后比较每个显示器在每个显示的最大效果点上的四种显示类型的相对有效性。我们还将扩展这些一维的发现，以探索二维触觉条件，在两组实验中，使用径向的表现最佳的听觉显示类（只有一个听觉反馈参数）和X-Y（带有两个听觉反馈参数，，两个听觉反馈参数每个空间组件一个）。结果将使我们能够为研究人员和行业发布和传播具体的音频显示设计指南，从而促进盲人和视力障碍公民的未来技术可访问性功能的速度和准确性的重大提高。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将比较在指导设备和盲人电子仪器中常用的几种音频显示。尽管经常使用这样的音频反馈技术，但关于哪些最有效的反馈技术知之甚少。这项研究的结果可能会通过对如何应用音频显示技术有了深入的了解，从而产生盲人和视觉障碍者使用的其他工具。