Breeding status and delayed motoneuron maturation in a eusocial mammal

真社会性哺乳动物的繁殖状况和运动神经元成熟延迟

• 批准号: 7348350
• 负责人: Marianne L Seney
• 金额: $ 2.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7348350
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Androgens; Animals; Atrophic; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth; Breeding; Caring; Cell Death; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Complex; Degenerative Disorder; Exhibits; Female; Floods; Gonadal Hormones; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Heterocephalus; Homologous Gene; Hormones; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Interneurons; Investigation; Label; Life; Link; Maintenance; Mammals; Mole Rats; Motor Neurons; Muscle; Nervous System Physiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Numbers; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological; Population; Recruitment Activity; Reproduction; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Skeletal muscle structure of perineum; Social status; Societies; Spinal; Spinal Cord; Structure; Testing; Testosterone; Tracer; Undifferentiated; Urethra; Vulva; animal breeding; behavior influence; cell type; cohort; immunocytochemistry; levator ani muscle; life history; male; nerve stem cell; nerve supply; neurochemistry; neuromuscular system; reproductive; sex; size; social; social organization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In animals with complex societies, social signals can profoundly influence behavior, physiology, and the nervous system. Naked mole-rats exhibit a strict hierarchical social organization in which breeders are dominant to all non-breeders. Recently, a change in social status has been linked to what appears to be late differentiation of spinal motoneurons. Naked mole-rats live in large colonies consisting of a single breeding female (the queen), one to three breeding males, and a large cohort of reproductively suppressed subordinates. Over 95% of subordinates will remain reproductively inactive for their entire lives. A subordinate can become reproductive, however, if a breeding animal dies or if it is removed from the colony and paired with an opposite-sex mate. This change in social status causes an increase in the number of motoneurons innervating perineal muscles. This project will: 1) determine which factors trigger the changes observed in the spinal cord by independently manipulating gonadal hormones and social status, 2) establish the neurochemical identity of cells within the spinal cord that become large motoneurons in breeders using immunocytochemistry for cell-type markers, and 3) determine the targets of the large motoneurons recruited in breeders by retrograde tract-tracing. The unique social structure and life history of naked mole-rats give us the opportunity to examine neural plasticity in an adult mammal, including the late differentiation or re-specification of neuron subtype in the spinal cord. This information could be used to develop treatments for degenerative diseases characterized by loss or atrophy of motoneurons, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

描述（由申请人提供）：在具有复杂社会的动物中，社会信号可以深刻影响行为，生理和神经系统。裸鼠鼠展示了一个严格的等级社会组织，在该组织中，繁殖者在所有非婚姻中都占主导地位。最近，社会地位的变化与脊柱运动神经元的晚期分化有关。裸鼠鼠生活在一个由单个繁殖雌性（女王），一到三个繁殖雄性和大量生殖抑制下属组成的大殖民地中。超过95％的下属将在他们的一生中保持生殖不活跃。但是，如果繁殖动物死亡或将其从菌落中去除并与异性伴侣配对，则下属可以变得生殖。这种社会状况的这种变化导致运动神经元的支配肌肉的数量增加。该项目将：1）确定哪些因素通过独立操纵性腺激素和社会状态来触发脊髓中观察到的变化，2）建立脊髓中细胞的神经化学认同，这些神经化学物质在繁殖者中使用免疫细胞化学的大型运动神经元在大型细胞型标记中成为大型运动神经元，并确定大型Mothores招募的饲养者。裸鼠鼠的独特社会结构和生活历史使我们有机会检查成人哺乳动物中的神经可塑性，包括脊髓中神经元亚型的晚分化或重新指定。该信息可用于开发以运动神经元损失或萎缩（例如肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS））为特征的退化性疾病的治疗方法。