Effect of Urban Form on Exercise and BMI in Black Women

城市形态对黑人女性运动和体重指数的影响

• 批准号: 7096923
• 负责人: Patricia F Coogan
• 金额: $ 27.47万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7096923
• 关键词: African American; academic achievement; adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; body composition; body physical activity; clinical research; exercise; female; geographic difference; human data; human ecology; longitudinal human study; obesity; questionnaires; statistics /biometry; urban area; women' s health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is increasingly recognized that sedentariness and obesity are not solely individual problems but are responses to an environment that makes it difficult to be active and maintain a healthy weight. We will use data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large prospective study of African-American women, to address the hypothesis that the neighborhood "pedestrian environment" (urban form, comprising such factors as street layout and presence of sidewalks) influences levels of physical activity and body mass index (BMI), independent of individual level factors and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). The study will focus on three cities (New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago) chosen because each contains a range of neighborhood types, approximately 13,000 BWHS participants live there, and detailed data on urban form are available. An expert in transportation and urban planning will compile data about the pedestrian environment at the neighborhood scale for the 3 cities, including nature and density of land use, proximity to parks, presence of sidewalks, speed and volume of traffic, and street structure. These data will be linked to the geocoded residential addresses of BWHS participants. We will also link U.S. Census data on SES to the participants' addresses. We will use factor analysis to identify a set of variables describing the neighborhood pedestrian environment that contribute complementary but not redundant information. Using multi-level longitudinal regression techniques, we will assess the influence of the pedestrian environment on levels of utilitarian walking, walking for exercise, vigorous activity, sedentariness, moderate activity, BMI, and change in weight, controlling for personal factors and neighborhood SES. We will also assess if an effect of urban form on BMI is mediated through physical activity. The proposed study, the first examination of the influence of urban form on BMI and physical activity in African-American women, is an innovative merging of techniques from the fields of transportation research and epidemiology. BWHS participants in the study cities live in a range of neighborhoods, have a wide range of physical activity levels, and have a wide range of BMI levels, including appreciable numbers of women who are obese. In view of the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in African-American women, elucidation of the role of urban form on physical activity and BMI in this group is of public health importance. Societal level change may be necessary to stem the obesity epidemic, given the failure of interventions at the individual level. To make the case for policy change at the societal level, compelling evidence about the impact of the environment on physical activity and obesity is needed. The proposed study has the potential to provide such evidence and to impact policy in the domains of both transportation/urban planning and public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：人们越来越认识到久坐和肥胖不仅仅是个人问题，而​​且是对难以活动和保持健康体重的环境的反应。我们将使用黑人妇女健康研究（BWHS）的数据，这是一项针对非裔美国妇女的大型前瞻性研究，来解决社区“行人环境”（城市形态，包括街道布局和人行道存在等因素）的假设影响体力活动和体重指数 (BMI) 的水平，独立于个人水平因素和社区社会经济地位 (SES)。该研究将重点关注三个城市（纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥），因为每个城市都包含一系列社区类型，大约有 13,000 名 BWHS 参与者居住在那里，并且可以获得有关城市形态的详细数据。交通和城市规划专家将汇编这三个城市邻里范围内的行人环境数据，包括土地使用的性质和密度、与公园的距离、人行道的存在、交通速度和交通量以及街道结构。这些数据将链接到 BWHS 参与者的地理编码住宅地址。我们还将把 SES 的美国人口普查数据链接到参与者的地址。我们将使用因子分析来识别一组描述邻近行人环境的变量，这些变量提供互补但非冗余的信息。 使用多级纵向回归技术，我们将在控制个人因素和社区社会经济地位的情况下，评估行人环境对功利性步行、步行锻炼、剧烈活动、久坐、适度活动、体重指数和体重变化水平的影响。我们还将评估城市形态对体重指数的影响是否通过体力活动来调节。这项拟议的研究首次考察了城市形态对非裔美国女性体重指数和体力活动的影响，是交通研究和流行病学领域技术的创新融合。研究城市中的 BWHS 参与者居住在不同的社区，体力活动水平和 BMI 水平也不同，其中包括相当数量的肥胖女性。鉴于非裔美国女性肥胖和缺乏身体活动的患病率很高，阐明城市形态对该群体身体活动和体重指数的影响具有公共卫生重要性。鉴于个人层面的干预措施失败，社会层面的改变对于遏制肥胖流行可能是必要的。为了在社会层面上改变政策，需要有令人信服的证据来证明环境对身体活动和肥胖的影响。拟议的研究有可能提供此类证据并影响交通/城市规划和公共卫生领域的政策。