Completion of a major critical edition of hybrid Hindu-Muslim Baul songs of Bengal, with annotation, commentaries and discussion.

完成孟加拉印度教-穆斯林混合鲍尔歌曲的主要评论版本，附有注释、评论和讨论。

• 批准号: AH/E004415/1
• 负责人: Jeanne Openshaw
• 金额: $ 3.32万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE004415%2F1
• 关键词: Completion; major; critical; edition; hybrid

Bauls are recruited from both Hindu and Muslim communities of West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh. In the course of the last century, they attained iconic status as representatives of 'Eastern spirituality', both within their own countries and more recently on a global level. Their popularity is based on their beautiful and often enigmatic songs. My proposal is to produce a critical edition of Baul songs, with English translation, annotations, commentaries and discussion, for scholars and general readers. In theory, people of any religion, class or gender may become Baul, but most are recruited from rural, poor communities. As a result, their songs are typically transmitted orally, although many have been transcribed by scholars and other writers. In turn, collections have been published in their original Bengali or translated into various languages. However these publications have many failings. For example, they usually lack any background details, either about the composer (his life, lineage etc.), or the person from whom the song was collected. Translated versions normally omit the original Bengali version of the songs, or even any reference to a source for these. All this renders them virtually useless from a scholarly point of view. The proposed critical edition is intended to rectify these deficiencies, by retaining the original Bengali versions of the songs, and by providing details of their social, historical and cultural context. It will therefore be of value as a scholarly tool.. The volume will largely be based on two unique manuscript sources. Along with other materials, these feature the songs of two composers, Raj Khyapa (written in his own hand) and Lalan Sai (written by a literate disciple). Songs composed by disciples in their lineages, predominantly Hindu and Muslim respectively, will also be included. The proposed volume follows logically from earlier work by myself and my co-author, Dr S.N. Jha, a specialist on Muslim Bauls and their songs. My forthcoming monograph, 'Writing the self...' examines the life and philosophy of Raj Khyapa, using the autobiographical portion of his manuscript. Dr Jha has written a Bengali monograph on Lalan Sai's life, philosophy and songs, based on the second manuscript mentioned above. Together we possess an unparalleled expertise in this field. Earlier editions of Baul songs tended to privilege the selection and interpretation of songs of the editor or collector, over that of the composer or singer. As a result, elite, 'spiritualised' readings of the songs have been emphasised. Interpretations have been made along increasingly separate 'Hindu' and 'Muslim' lines, in India and Bangladesh respectively. Moreover, the critique of religious authorities and ideologies, of sectarianism and traditional gender relations, contained in many songs, has been obscured. It is this kind of song and interpretation which will be highlighted in the proposed critical edition. Whether they come from Muslim or Hindu communities, Bauls tend to share common values. They emphasise the importance of the human being, rather than one's own religious or social group, and of individual experience over the teachings of religious texts or authorities. These, they claim, divide person from person. Similarly, they also challenge the traditional devaluation of women. The contemporary 'clash of civilisations' in effect replicates on a global level long-term problems of religious 'communal' division in South Asia. Nowadays Islam in particular is widely thought to be a monolithic, 'fundamentalist' faith. Highlighting alternative, humanistic and gender-equal traditions from within Islam and Hinduism is essential at this time, in order to counteract propaganda that such values are peculiar to 'Western' culture, and therefore to be resisted by Muslims, Hindus etc. The proposed publication aims to disseminate these alternative, yet traditional values outside Bengal.

鲍尔是从西孟加拉邦（印度）和孟加拉国的印度教和穆斯林社区招募的。在上个世纪，他们在自己的国家以及最近在全球范围内获得了作为“东方精神”代表的标志性地位。他们的流行是基于他们优美且常常神秘的歌曲。我的建议是制作一个鲍尔歌曲的批评版，附有英文翻译、注释、评论和讨论，供学者和普通读者使用。理论上，任何宗教、阶级或性别的人都可以成为鲍尔，但大多数是从农村、贫困社区招募的。因此，他们的歌曲通常是口头传播的，尽管许多歌曲是由学者和其他作家转录的。反过来，馆藏也以孟加拉语原版出版或翻译成各种语言。然而，这些出版物有很多缺点。例如，它们通常缺乏任何背景细节，要么是关于作曲家（他的生活、血统等），要么是歌曲的收集者。翻译版本通常会省略歌曲的原始孟加拉语版本，甚至省略对这些歌曲来源的任何引用。从学术的角度来看，所有这些使得它们实际上毫无用处。拟议的批评版本旨在通过保留歌曲的原始孟加拉语版本并提供其社会、历史和文化背景的详细信息来纠正这些缺陷。因此，它作为一种学术工具具有价值。该卷将主要基于两个独特的手稿来源。与其他材料一起，这些材料包含两位作曲家的歌曲：Raj Khyapa（由他亲手创作）和 Lalan Sai（由一位识字弟子创作）。由其谱系（主要是印度教和穆斯林）的弟子创作的歌曲也将包括在内。拟议的卷在逻辑上遵循我和我的合著者 S.N. 博士早期的工作。 Jha，穆斯林鲍尔及其歌曲的专家。我即将出版的专着《书写自我……》利用拉杰·凯帕手稿的自传部分探讨了他的生活和哲学。贾博士根据上述第二份手稿撰写了一本关于拉兰·赛的生活、哲学和歌曲的孟加拉语专着。我们共同拥有该领域无与伦比的专业知识。鲍尔歌曲的早期版本倾向于优先考虑编辑或收藏家对歌曲的选择和解释，而不是作曲家或歌手。因此，对歌曲的精英化、“精神化”解读受到了重视。在印度和孟加拉国，人们对“印度教”和“穆斯林”的解释越来越分离。此外，许多歌曲中对宗教权威和意识形态、宗派主义和传统性别关系的批评也被掩盖了。正是这种歌曲和诠释将在拟议的批评版本中得到强调。无论他们来自穆斯林还是印度教社区，鲍尔人都倾向于拥有共同的价值观。他们强调人类的重要性，而不是一个人自己的宗教或社会团体，以及个人经验比宗教文本或权威的教义的重要性。他们声称，这些将人与人分开。同样，她们也挑战了贬低女性的传统观念。当代的“文明冲突”实际上在全球范围内复制了南亚宗教“社区”分裂的长期问题。如今，伊斯兰教尤其被广泛认为是一种单一的、“原教旨主义”的信仰。此时，强调伊斯兰教和印度教内部的另类、人文主义和性别平等传统至关重要，以抵消此类价值观是“西方”文化所特有的宣传，因此会受到穆斯林、印度教徒等的抵制。拟议的出版物旨在在孟加拉以外传播这些替代但传统的价值观。