HIV Intervention among Women at High Risk

高危女性的艾滋病毒干预

基本信息

批准号：
7167361
负责人：
XIUSHI YANG
金额：
$ 22.56万
依托单位：
OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-09-15 至 2011-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a peer-led multilevel and multi-component HIV intervention among women at high risk. The main objectives are: (1) to design and implement an HIV intervention that combines individual cognitive and social influence approaches with peer education; (2) to evaluate the efficacy of such behavior intervention; and (3) to identify important mediating or moderating factors of HIV risk behavior and behavior change. With 840,000 people estimated to be infected with HIV by 2003, concerted efforts are needed to fight the AIDS epidemic in China. The danger that the epidemic can make a quick inroad to the general population through sexual transmission underscores the urgent need for more effective and sustainable HIV intervention among the target population, who are at high risk of acquiring HIV and a critical source of sexual transmission of HIV. However, few interventions have targeted women at high risk of HIV in China. The central hypothesis of the study is that, given the marginal socioeconomic status of the target population, HIV information is necessary but not sufficient for behavior change; they need to be motivated to take protective actions, be confident that they have the ability and skills to manage difficult situations, and in a social and working environment empowering of HIV behavior change. HIV intervention will be most effective if delivered in small group sessions by peers and attending to both cognitive and social processes of behavior change and cultural and gender appropriateness. This conceptualization of effective HIV behavior change will be tested and evaluated among about 712 women working in the entertainment industry. Participants will be selected through cluster-randomization sampling, in which the clusters are the entertainment establishments. All eligible women from the sampled establishments will be recruited and assigned with equal numbers to either an intervention or a control condition. Both groups will receive standard voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). But the intervention group will receive additional motivation enhancing and gender-specific empowerment skills trainings delivered by trained peer educators, augmented by peer outreach and a structural intervention component among owners of establishments to promote enabling social, normative, and working environments supportive of HIV risk reduction. The efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated through assessment of self-reported HIV risk and preventive behaviors and newly detected STIs at 3-, 6-, and 12-month post intervention between the intervention and the control groups. Findings will have far reaching implications for effective HIV prevention intervention among women at high risk in China. China's success will in turn be a key to global success in preventing the spread of HIV.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究是一项整群随机对照试验，针对高危女性进行同行主导的多层次、多组成部分的艾滋病毒干预措施。主要目标是：（1）设计和实施艾滋病毒干预措施，将个人认知和社会影响方法与同伴教育相结合；（二）评价行为干预的效果； (3) 确定 HIV 危险行为和行为改变的重要中介或调节因素。到2003年，估计有84万人感染艾滋病毒，中国需要共同努力抗击艾滋病流行。该流行病可能通过性传播迅速蔓延到普通人群的危险凸显了迫切需要对目标人群进行更有效和可持续的艾滋病毒干预，他们是感染艾滋病毒的高风险人群，也是艾滋病毒性传播的重要来源。然而，针对中国艾滋病毒高危女性的干预措施很少。该研究的中心假设是，鉴于目标人群的边缘社会经济地位，艾滋病毒信息对于行为改变是必要的，但还不够；他们需要有动力采取保护行动，相信自己有能力和技能来应对困难情况，并在一个有利于艾滋病毒行为改变的社会和工作环境中。如果由同伴以小组会议形式进行艾滋病毒干预，并关注行为改变的认知和社会过程以及文化和性别适当性，那么艾滋病毒干预将是最有效的。这种有效改变艾滋病毒行为的概念将在约 712 名娱乐行业工作的女性中进行测试和评估。参与者将通过整群随机抽样的方式选出，其中整群是娱乐场所。来自抽样企业的所有符合资格的女性都将被招募，并分配相同数量的干预或对照条件。两组都将接受标准的自愿咨询和测试（VCT）。但干预小组将接受额外的动机增强和针对特定性别的赋权技能培训，这些培训由训练有素的同伴教育者提供，并通过同伴外展和机构所有者之间的结构性干预部分进行加强，以促进有利于降低艾滋病毒风险的社会、规范和工作环境。将通过评估干预组和对照组自我报告的艾滋病毒风险和预防行为以及干预后 3、6 和 12 个月新检测到的性传播感染来评估干预措施的效果。研究结果将对中国高危女性的有效艾滋病毒预防干预产生深远影响。中国的成功反过来将成为全球成功预防艾滋病毒传播的关键。