Survival and Success on Medieval Borders: Cistercian Houses in Medieval Scotland and Pomerania

中世纪边境的生存和成功：中世纪苏格兰和波美拉尼亚的西多会房屋

基本信息

批准号：
AH/F008120/1
负责人：
Emilia Jamroziak
金额：
$ 5.78万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF008120%2F1
关键词：
Survival Success Medieval Borders Cistercian

项目摘要

Borders in medieval Europe were not well-guarded lines as we know them now. They were much less defined and often permeable. Many noble families held lends on two different sides of the border and developed political and social attachments on both side too. In many regions border was very much a frontier of different influences and regions that offered opportunity of fast economic advancement for these not afraid of instability. The best know case is of course Christian-Muslim frontier in Spain during the Reconquista in the 11-15th century, but there were many other. In my project I am investigating two northern-European border regions. The first one is Pomerania on the southern coast of Baltic sea, which was the eastern frontier of Germany, in the recently Christianised Slav territories, which remained unstable and disputed territory between German states (primarily Brandenburg), Denmark, 'indigenous' Slavonic duchies, and Polish Kingdom for most of the Middle Ages. The second one is English-Scottish border, which was until the area of wars starting in 1290s, a very open one, with strong cross-border connections between northern English nobility and southern Scottish barons. These two frontiers were also home to a number of Cistercian monasteries established in Scotland from 1130s and in the Pomerania from 1170. They have adapted very well to the local circumstances and appealed to benefactors on both side of the border, becoming desirable burial destination and focus of political and ethnic identification. They were also good at making friends among influential churchmen and rulers. With the onset of wars in both regions in the 13th century monasteries became object of attacks not only by armies, but also impoverished neighbours. However, the monastic communities were not hopeless and developed various preventative and restorative measures to combat impact of violence. By studying connections of the Cistercian monasteries with the world around them and their strategies of success we can learn a lot about how far the frontiers were regions of opportunities, how important the cross-border connections were for the political cohesion of these regions and how much the emergence of more rigid border lines in the 14th c. affected religious communities and lay people alike.

中世纪欧洲的边界并不像我们现在所知的那样戒备森严。它们的界限要少得多，而且往往具有渗透性。许多贵族家庭在边界两侧持有贷款，并在两侧建立了政治和社会联系。在许多地区，边界在很大程度上是不同影响力和地区的边界，为那些不怕不稳定的人提供了快速经济发展的机会。最有名的案例当然是 11 至 15 世纪收复失地运动期间西班牙的基督教和穆斯林边境，但还有许多其他案例。在我的项目中，我正在调查两个北欧边境地区。第一个是波罗的海南岸的波美拉尼亚，这是德国的东部边境，位于最近基督教化的斯拉夫领土上，该地区仍然不稳定，并且在德国各州（主要是勃兰登堡）、丹麦、“本土”斯拉夫公国、中世纪大部分时间都是波兰王国。第二个是英格兰与苏格兰的边界，直到1290年代战争爆发之前，该边界都是一个非常开放的边界，英格兰北部贵族和苏格兰南部男爵之间的跨境联系非常紧密。这两个边境也是许多西多会修道院的所在地，这些修道院从 1130 年代开始在苏格兰建立，在波美拉尼亚从 1170 年开始建立。这些修道院很好地适应了当地情况，并吸引了边界两侧的捐助者，成为理想的埋葬目的地和焦点政治和种族认同。他们还善于与有影响力的牧师和统治者交朋友。 13 世纪，随着这两个地区战争的爆发，修道院不仅成为军队攻击的目标，也成为贫困邻居攻击的目标。然而，寺院社区并非绝望，并制定了各种预防和恢复措施来应对暴力的影响。通过研究西多会修道院与周围世界的联系以及他们的成功策略，我们可以了解到很多关于边界是机会地区的距离、跨境联系对于这些地区的政治凝聚力有多重要以及有多大的影响。 14世纪出现了更严格的边界线。影响了宗教团体和普通民众。