Handwriting Teaching Tool

书法教学工具

基本信息

批准号：
7273826
负责人：
HANS-LEO TEULINGS
金额：
$ 37.97万
依托单位：
NEUROSCRIPT, LLC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-08-16 至 2009-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7273826
关键词：
Adult Age Autistic Disorder Child Class Code Color Computer Assisted Computer software Computers Continuing Education Data Development Development Plans Disadvantaged Education Educational Curriculum Educational process of instructing Effectiveness Electronics Exercise Feedback Hand Handwriting Health Professional Healthcare Instruction Language Learning Letters Licensing Marketing Medication Errors Methods Milk Monitor Motor Motor Skills Movement Occupational Therapist Parents Phase Physicians Play Positioning Attribute Posture Pre-Post Tests Primary Schools Procedures Process Range Rate Reading Research Research Personnel Rewards Sampling School Teachers Schools Score Special Education Speed Stimulus Stroke Student Selections Students Supervision System Tablets Teaching Method Testing Thick Time Today Training Week Work Writing blind career commercial application cost design essays experience grasp handprint improved interest knowledge of results lecture notes literacy motor control motor learning neglect novel prescription document prescription procedure prototype research and development response size skills skills training sound spelling teacher technological innovation tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We will develop a system both for training efficient handwriting in school children and for scientific testing of hypotheses on handwriting education. Handwriting is the only and most widely learned fine motor skill. The US school system spends $200M per year (our estimate) on handwriting instruction materials. Teachers receive only limited training to teach handwriting and the curriculum permits only limited time for handwriting instruction. Yet, little is known how to improve quality and time efficiently of handwriting instruction. To satisfy the demand for scientific support of handwriting instruction, we are developing the "WritAlyzeR" software. This software can work autonomously during the normal lessons of the class. Therefore, the handwriting learning data collected will be more representative than previous automatic handwriting instruction systems where a teacher or experimenter monitors and influences the children. The WritAlyzeR enables researchers to conduct research on handwriting instruction in a very time saving manner. The WritAlyzeR, in combination with our existing MovAlyzeR will form a powerful research tool to test many hypotheses on improving handwriting teaching methods. We will market the WritAlyzeR as a computer-aided instruction system and also provide it as a free extension to all researchers who purchased MovAlyzeR licenses so that many more research groups will be able to find ways to improve handwriting instruction in a concerted effort. This will eventually yield improved handwriting instruction methods for primary school education. The WritAlyzeR uses a simple procedure to teach children handwriting. First the child will see an example of the writing exercise as a real-time movement on the PC display. Subsequently, the student will try to perform the writing movement. The movement will be recorded using a low-cost digitizer made for the educational market for less than $200. A digitizer consists of a small tablet and an electronic pen which enables high-precision (0.01 cm) recording of the position of the pen tip at a high sampling rate (100 Hz), thus accurately capturing movements of the pen tip on and above the tablet. The recorded movement will be processed on the PC and presented on the display in real-time. Color coding of the strokes will show where the child used abnormal forces. In addition, a cumulative fluency score will be presented which increases while the child keeps improving movement fluency. As a reward, the child can play briefly on a novel computer game which requires fluent movements to succeed. In this proposal three of the many possible hypotheses will be tested. Does varying writing size help to obtain optimal hand posture and pen grip and eventually more efficient writing? Does preplanning the target point of each stroke accelerate learning? Does real-time sound feedback during writing indicating dysfluencies help to improve fluency? R44 HD 43576 "Handwriting Teaching Tool" 12/23/2005 5:57 PM Narrative Handwriting instruction is needed to produce efficient and legible handwriting. This will remain important since students lacking handwriting proficiency will be disadvantaged in taking lecture notes or writing exams. Teachers have insufficient training and time to teach handwriting and refer many students to occupational therapists taking away time to treat students with motor control problems. As a consequence, after-school handwriting instruction for children is in demand. Illegible or slow handwriting causes too low grades barring students from continued education. Handwriting re-education is also in demand in health care. Illegible handwriting by physicians causes 10% of the prescriptions to be misread causing preventable medication errors.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们将开发一个系统，既可以在学童中培训有效的笔迹，又要开发对手写教育的假设进行科学测试。手写是唯一，最广泛的精细运动技能。美国学校系统每年花费2亿美元（我们的估计）在手写教学材料上。教师仅接受有限的培训来教授手写，课程允许只有有限的手写指导时间。但是，知之甚少，如何提高手写说明的质量和时间。为了满足对手写说明的科学支持的需求，我们正在开发“ Writalyzer”软件。该软件可以在课堂的正常课程中自主工作。因此，收集的手写学习数据将比以前的自动手写指令系统更具代表性，在这些系统中，教师或实验者监视并影响儿童。 Writalyzer使研究人员能够以非常耗时的方式进行有关手写教学的研究。 Writalyzer与我们现有的Movalyzer结合使用，将形成一个强大的研究工具，以测试有关改进手写教学方法的许多假设。我们将以计算机辅助的指导系统推销Writalyzer，并将其作为免费扩展，以向所有购买Movalyzer许可证的研究人员提供免费扩展，以便更多的研究小组能够找到一致的努力来改善手写指导的方法。这最终将为小学教育提供改进的手写教学方法。 Writalyzer使用一个简单的程序来教儿童笔迹。首先，孩子将在PC显示屏上看到写作练习的示例。随后，学生将尝试执行写作运动。该运动将使用为教育市场制造的低成本数字化机记录，价格低于200美元。数字化器由一个小平板电脑和电子笔组成药片。记录的运动将在PC上处理，并实时显示在显示屏上。中风的颜色编码将显示孩子使用异常力的位置。另外，将提出累积的流利度评分，而孩子不断提高运动流动性。作为奖励，孩子可以在新的计算机游戏上短暂地玩，这需要流利的动作才能成功。在此提案中，将检验许多可能的假设中的三个。不同的写作规模是否有助于获得最佳的手姿势和笔抓地力，并最终更有效地写作？每次中风加速学习的目标点是否预先启动？在写作过程中，实时声音反馈表明发挥障碍有助于提高流利度？ R44 HD 43576“手写教学工具” 12/23/2005 5:57 pm叙事手写教学需要产生高效且清晰的手写。这将仍然很重要，因为缺乏手写能力的学生在参加讲义或写作考试时会处于不利地位。教师没有足够的培训和时间来教授手写，并将许多学生推荐给职业治疗师，花时间治疗患有运动控制问题的学生。结果，需要针对儿童的课后手写说明。难以辨认或缓慢的手写会导致不可能的成绩太低，禁止学生接受继续教育。在医疗保健中，手写重新教育也有需求。医生难以理解的笔迹导致10％的处方误读会导致可预防的药物错误。