Epidemiology of Indoor Air Pollution and Human Health

室内空气污染流行病学与人体健康

• 批准号: 6945728
• 负责人: Seppo T Rinne
• 金额: $ 4.59万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6945728
• 关键词: Ecuador; air pollution; air sampling /monitoring; behavior modification; carbon monoxide; clinical research; disease /disorder prevention /control; disease /disorder proneness /risk; environmental exposure; hazardous substances; health education; high risk behavior /lifestyle; household; human subject; patient oriented research; predoctoral investigator; questionnaires; respiratory disorder epidemiology; respiratory function; respiratory infections; rural area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Approximately half the world's population uses biomass fuels for domestic energy, resulting in widespread exposure to indoor air pollution (lAP). Indicators of lAP have been associated with acute respiratory infections, obstructive airway disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancer. More than 2 million deaths are attributed to lAP each year. Still, few studies have directly examined the association between pollutants in biomass smoke and human health. Furthermore, there have been no intervention studies to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures in decreasing lAP and respiratory disease. We propose to address these deficiencies through detailed epidemiological studies in Santa Ana, Ecuador. Preliminary studies have shown a high prevalence of respiratory infection in the community, with approximately 50% of homes using biomass fuel. Proposed investigations will examine the effectiveness of improved biomass stoves and ventilation to decrease lAP in an ideal (laboratory) setting as well as in rural houses in Santa Ana. We will also assess the association of respiratory disease and lAP levels among 60 households in the community. Lastly, we will test the effectiveness of preventive measures to decrease the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections, using a randomized, controlled, study design. Through these investigations we hope to provide insight into an environmental hazard that is widespread throughout the world.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界上大约一半的人口使用生物质燃料作为家庭能源，导致广泛暴露于室内空气污染（lAP）。 lAP 指标与急性呼吸道感染、阻塞性气道疾病、不良妊娠结局和癌症有关。每年有超过 200 万人死于 lAP。尽管如此，很少有研究直接研究生物质烟雾中的污染物与人类健康之间的关联。此外，还没有干预研究来评估预防措施在减少 lAP 和呼吸道疾病方面的有效性。我们建议通过在厄瓜多尔圣安娜进行详细的流行病学研究来解决这些缺陷。初步研究表明，社区中呼吸道感染的患病率很高，大约 50% 的家庭使用生物质燃料。拟议的调查将检查改进的生物质炉和通风在理想（实验室）环境以及圣安娜乡村房屋中降低 lAP 的有效性。我们还将评估社区 60 个家庭的呼吸道疾病与 lAP 水平之间的关联。最后，我们将使用随机对照研究设计来测试预防措施降低急性下呼吸道感染发病率的有效性。通过这些调查，我们希望深入了解世界各地普遍存在的环境危害。