Are Some Regular Smokers Resistant to Nicotine Dependence?

一些经常吸烟的人对尼古丁依赖有抵抗力吗？

• 批准号: 7292936
• 负责人: ERIC Christian DONNY
• 金额: $ 22.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7292936
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Address; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clinical; Condition; Cotinine; DSM-IV; Daily; Dependence; Development; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhibits; Exposure to; Future; Human; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratory Procedures; Laboratory Study; Measures; Metabolism; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Plasma; Prevention; Purpose; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Risk; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Work; classical conditioning; day; design; drug sensitivity; experience; novel strategies; resilience; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Current theoretical models of nicotine addiction assume a relatively close relationship between the intensity and duration of nicotine use and the development of nicotine dependence. However, this relationship is weaker than one might expect; use measures typically account for only a small portion of the variance in dependence. Furthermore, many long-time, heavy daily smokers fail to meet DSM- IV dependence criteria. The weak relationship between use and dependence may result from inadequate or insensitive measures of dependence, adequately characterizations of nicotine exposure, and/or relative resistance to becoming nicotine dependent in some heavy cigarette users. The purpose of this application is to utilize established human laboratory procedures to rigorously assess the possibility that a subpopulation of smokers may be relatively resistant to becoming nicotine dependent despite extensive nicotine use. The specific aims are: 1) To determine whether individuals who fail to meet DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence also exhibit lower dependence according to other self-report measures; 2) To determine whether use/exposure characteristics not assessed in epidemiological measures of smoking behavior can account for individual differences in nicotine dependence; 3) To determine whether differences in self-report measures of dependence predict who will be able to refrain from smoking when given an incentive to do so among individuals with similar nicotine use histories. In the proposed study, we will recruit individuals who vary along both current use (5-10 versus 20+ cigarettes/day) and DSM-IV dependence (dependent versus non- dependent) criteria in a 2 x 2 design. We predict that individuals failing to meet criteria for DSM-IV nicotine dependence will demonstrate relative low levels of dependence is assessed by other continuous, multidimensional measures, and that these differences will not be fully explained by nicotine use/exposure. Furthermore, we expect individuals failing to meet DSM-IV dependence to be more capable of refraining from cigarette use in an abstinence test than DSM-IV dependent smokers. These findings would suggest that individual differences in DSM-IV dependence that arise in smokers with comparable nicotine use represent real differences in vulnerability to developing nicotine dependence that deserve further research. The proposed study will determine whether some regular, prolonged smokers are relatively resistant to becoming nicotine dependent. If such a subpopulation is identified, future studies will address what factors may be necessary for nicotine dependence to develop or, conversely, what factors might protect some individuals from becoming highly dependent. Identifying the mechanisms which account for individual differences in nicotine dependence may highlight novel approaches to both prevention and treatment of nicotine addiction.

描述（由申请人提供）：尼古丁成瘾的当前理论模型假设使用尼古丁使用的强度和持续时间与尼古丁依赖性的发展之间存在相对紧密的关系。但是，这种关系比人们预期的要弱。使用度量通常仅占依赖性方差的一小部分。此外，许多长期，大量的每日吸烟者无法符合DSM-IV依赖标准。使用与依赖之间的弱关系可能是由于依赖性不足或不敏感的措施，对尼古丁暴露的充分表征以及/或相对抵抗力在某些沉重的香烟使用者中依赖于尼古丁。本应用的目的是利用既定的人类实验室程序来严格评估吸烟者的亚群可能相对抵抗，尽管使用了广泛使用尼古丁，但它们可能相对抵抗尼古丁的依赖性。具体目的是：1）确定未符合DSM-IV依赖性DSM-IV标准的个人是否根据其他自我报告措施也表现出较低的依赖性； 2）确定在吸烟行为的流行病学测量中未评估的使用/暴露特征是否可以解释尼古丁依赖性的个体差异； 3）确定自我报告依赖度量的差异是否可以预测谁在激励尼古丁使用史的个体中激励这样做时，谁能避免吸烟。在拟议的研究中，我们将在2 x 2设计中招募随着当前使用（5-10 vict 20多香烟）和DSM-IV依赖性（因与非依赖关系的DSM-IV依赖性（依赖性与非依赖））的招募个体。我们预测，未能符合DSM-IV尼古丁依赖性标准的个体将证明相对低水平的依赖水平将由其他连续的多维措施评估，并且这些差异不会通过尼古丁使用/暴露来充分说明。此外，我们希望与DSM-IV依赖的吸烟者相比，在禁欲测试中，个人无法满足DSM-IV依赖性能力不足以避免使用香烟。这些发现表明，具有可比尼古丁使用的吸烟者在DSM-IV依赖性中的个体差异代表了发展应得到进一步研究的尼古丁依赖性脆弱性的真正差异。拟议的研究将确定一些规则的，延长的吸烟者是否相对抗尼古丁依赖性。如果确定了这种亚群，未来的研究将解决尼古丁依赖性发展可能需要的因素，或者相反，哪些因素可能会保护某些人不受高度依赖的影响。确定解释尼古丁依赖性个体差异的机制可能会突出预防和治疗尼古丁成瘾的新方法。