A kinematic study of phonetic reduction in American Sign Language

美国手语语音还原的运动学研究

• 批准号: 7262138
• 负责人: MARTHA TYRONE
• 金额: $ 8.04万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7262138
• 关键词: Body of uterus; Categories; Data; Development; Elbow; Face; Forehead; Frequencies; Gestures; Goals; Hand; Head; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Jaw; Language; Location; Location Signs; Manuals; Measures; Mission; Modality; Movement; Nature; Perception; Phonetics; Physical shape; Production; Public Health; Range; Rate; Shapes; Shoulder; Sign Language; Speech; Speed; Structure; Testing; Upper arm; Variant; base; kinematics; limb movement; motor disorder; native American sign language; phonology; pressure; research study; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study seeks to examine conventionalized and spontaneous sign lowering in American Sign Language (ASL), which are forms of phonetic reduction that occur in fluent signing. Although a sign's location on the body is a phonological parameter that differentiates it from other signs, location can be extremely variable at a phonetic level. For instance, particular signs that are produced at the forehead or temple in citation form are conventionally lowered in fluent signing to phonologically-distinct locations (e.g., the jaw). Lowering also occurs spontaneously in other signs located at the forehead or temple, when there is increased signing speed or coarticulatory pressure. The goal of this study is to compare these two phenomena, conventionalized and spontaneous sign lowering, and analyze the frequency of their occurrence and their physical extent and shape as an effect of speed and phonetic context. Kinematic data will be collected from native ASL signers as they produce signs that are located at the forehead or temple in citation form. Signing speed and sign context will be manipulated in order to increase the occurrence and extent of both conventionalized and spontaneous sign lowering. We propose that both the occurrence and extent of phonetic lowering are influenced by a sign's articulatory structure, and this is what allows a sign to be lowered and yet remain intelligible as the same sign. In particular, based on the specific cases of conventionalized sign lowering that have been documented, we predict that signs with a simple path movement to the head will move to lower locations on the head, whereas signs that include an additional sign-internal movement will become dissociated from the head and be produced in the signing space in front of the body. This study examines signed language within the framework of articulatory phonology, with the aim of understanding the nature of articulatory targets and gestures in the sign modality. Project Narrative: This study is relevant to NIH's public health mission, because it contributes to the development of physiologically-based measures of sign production and perception, which in turn will help differentiate normal phonetic variation in sign production from variation due to language or motor disorders in Deaf signers. Further, it provides a unique context for analyzing targeted limb movements, which is relevant to the understanding of human motor disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究旨在检查美国手语（ASL）的常规和自发标志降低，这是流利签名中发生的语音减少的形式。尽管符号在人体上的位置是将其与其他标志区分开的语音参数，但在语音级别上的位置可能极大。例如，通常以引文形式在额头或庙宇中产生的特定迹象在语音上赋予的位置（例如，下巴）中降低。当签名速度或联合压力增加时，降低也自发地发生在额头或寺庙的其他标志中。这项研究的目的是比较这两种现象，这些现象是常规和自发的标志降低，并分析其发生的频率以及它们的身体范围和形状，作为速度和语音环境的效果。运动学数据将从本地ASL签名者中收集，因为它们会产生位于额头或庙宇形式的符号。签名速度和标志环境将被操纵，以增加常规和自发签名降低的发生和程度。我们建议，语音降低的发生和程度都受到符号的关节结构的影响，这就是可以降低标志并保持相同标志的符号的原因。特别是，基于已记录的常规标志降低的特定情况，我们预测，向前的简单路径移动的标志将移至头部的较低位置，而包括额外的签名内部运动将与头部分离并在身体前方的签名空间中产生。这项研究检查了符号语音学框架内的签名语言，目的是了解符号模式中关节目标和手势的性质。 项目叙述：这项研究与NIH的公共卫生任务有关，因为它有助于发展基于生理的标志生产和感知度量，这反过来又有助于区分聋人签名人的语言或运动障碍引起的符号生产的正常语音变化。此外，它为分析目标肢体运动提供了独特的背景，这与对人体运动障碍的理解有关。