Temporal Integration of Photoperiodic Signals in Mammals

哺乳动物光周期信号的时间整合

• 批准号: 7264910
• 负责人: MICHAEL R GORMAN
• 金额: $ 24.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-20 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7264910
• 关键词: Address; Age; Aging; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic; Circadian Rhythms; Condition; Costs and Benefits; Deterioration; Disease; Disruption; Environment; Evolution; Habits; Hamsters; Health; Housing; Human; Laboratories; Lead; Light; Lighting; Longevity; Mammals; Measurement; Mediating; Melatonin; Mental Depression; Mesocricetus auratus; Metabolism; Moods; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurosecretory Systems; Pattern; Periodicity; Phase; Phodopus sungorus; Photoperiod; Physiological; Process; Recording of previous events; Reproduction; Rodent; Seasonal Variations; Signal Transduction; Sleep; Societies; System; Therapeutic; Time; Variant; age related; base; circadian pacemaker; day length; deprivation; environmental change; experience; immune function; programs; reproductive; research study; response; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project investigates the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which mammals generate seasonal variations in physiological and behavioral traits in synchrony with changing environmental conditions and the consequences of this variation for aging of circadian function. Studies in this area have examined responses of Siberian, Phodopus sungorus, and Syrian hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, exposed to static long and short day lengths of early summer and winter, respectively. Accumulating evidence establishes that photoperiodic systems function markedly differently under natural conditions that incorporate the incrementally and continuously changing pattern of day lengths under which these systems evolved. An ecologically relevant understanding of these annual rhythms is particularly important clinically, as humans, like laboratory rodents, are commonly isolated from the yearly pattern of change in daylength, but the consequences of this deprivation have gone virtually unexamined. Specific experiments in hamsters address 1) whether under naturalistic conditions melatonin interacts endogenous temporal programs that mediate the transitions between photoperiodic states; 2) how the function of the circadian oscillator is regulated by seasonal photoperiods; and 3) how age-related deficits in circadian function can be retarded by photoperiodic manipulations. The proposed experiments are relevant to an understanding of the myriad human seasonal rhythms that have been previously documented (e.g., in cardiovascular disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, immune function, sleep duration, body weight, depression and nonpsychiatric mood states). Additionally, these studies will assess whether photoperiodic manipulations might be effective adjuncts to achieve rapid phase-shifting of human rhythms, and whether such manipulations have therapeutic value for disruptions of circadian rhythmicity in old age. Finally, these studies form a necessary information base to evaluate the potential physiological costs and benefits of artificial lighting regimes experienced by humans in modern society.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目研究了神经内分泌机制，哺乳动物通过同步的环境条件变化以及这种变化对昼夜节律衰老的后果产生生理和行为特征的季节性变化。该领域的研究检查了西伯利亚人，菲多普斯·桑格鲁斯（Phodopus Sungorus）和叙利亚仓鼠的反应，分别暴露于初级和冬季的静态长时间和短期长度。积累的证据表明，在自然条件下，光周期系统的功能明显不同，这些条件纳入了这些系统演变的日期长度的逐渐变化的模式。对这些年度节奏的生态相关理解在临床上尤为重要，因为像实验室啮齿动物一样，人类通常与日间长度的年度变化模式分离出来，但是这种剥夺的后果实际上并未受到检查。仓鼠中的特定实验解决了1）褪黑激素在自然主义条件下是否相互作用的内源性时间程序，可以介导光周期状态之间的过渡； 2）昼夜节律振荡器的功能如何受季节光周期调节； 3）如何通过光周期操纵来阻碍与年龄相关的赤字。提出的实验与以前记录的众多人类季节性节奏的理解有关（例如，在心血管疾病，神经发育障碍，免疫功能，睡眠时间，体重，体重，抑郁症和非精神病学情绪状态）。此外，这些研究将评估光周期操纵是否可能是有效的辅助手段，可以实现人类节奏的快速转移，以及此类操作是否具有治疗价值的老年昼夜节律。最后，这些研究构成了必要的信息基础，以评估人类在现代社会中经历的人造照明制度的潜在生理成本和收益。