PAH Bioremediation and Monitoring in Biowalls

生物墙中的 PAH 生物修复和监测

• 批准号: 7228675
• 负责人: PAUL L BISHOP
• 金额: $ 28.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7228675
• 关键词: Fungi; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; biofilm; biotransformation; carbopolycyclic compound; environmental engineering; environmental toxicology; environmental transport; hazardous substances; heavy metals; microelectrodes; microprocessor /microchip; monitoring device; pollutant interaction; technology /technique development; toxicant screening; waste disposal; water pollution; water treatment

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are significant pollutants at Superfund sites. They are often toxic and may be carcinogenic. Consequently, research is needed on practical methods to remove the PAHs from contaminated groundwaters. PAHs are usually accompanied at these sites by heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium. Unfortunately, little is known about the interactions between PAHs and heavy metals and the effect the presence of these metals may have on PAH bioremediation. Complex mixtures of toxic organics and metals are difficult to study and have, therefore, been largely ignored. The overall goal of this research s to gain an understanding of the transport and biodegradation mechanisms of complex mixtures of toxic pollutants at Superfund sites. We will be studying a novel groundwater treatment systems known as a "biowall" or permeable bio-barrier system. Determining the role of biofilm in permeable bio-barrier systems is crucial to the design of more efficient treatment systems since the mass transport mechanisms, structural forms, and biodegradation processes in soil biofilms are not well understood. The engineering component will focus on design and evaluation of mulch-based biowalls and development of pollutant monitoring microelectrodes for application in studying the biodegradation of PAH-metal mixtures in water aquifers at Superfund sites. The potential use of fungi in the biowall will be examined. Research will be conducted in a simulated Superfund testbed that replicates a contaminated groundwater system. The successful monitoring of biofilms and pore water at Superfund sites will also improve process efficiency in bioremediation treatment. Therefore, microelectrodes developed in previous SBRP research will be modified for field use and tested in the testbeds.. In addition, a new MEMS-based heavy metal analyzer for use in the field will be developed. The result of this research-will be a better understanding of how complex mixtures of toxic materials can be bioremediated at Superfund sites so as to reduce the potential impact of these PAHs and heavy metals on human health.

多芳烃（PAHS）是超级基金部位的重要污染物。它们通常是有毒的，可能是致癌的。因此，需要研究从污染的地下水中去除PAH的实用方法。 PAH通常在这些地点伴随着砷和镉等重金属。不幸的是，对于PAH和重金属之间的相互作用，这些金属的存在可能对PAH生物修复的影响知之甚少。有毒有机物和金属的复杂混合物很难研究，因此在很大程度上被忽略了。这项研究的总体目标是了解有毒的复杂混合物的运输和生物降解机制 超级基金站点的污染物。我们将研究一种新型的地下水处理系统，称为“生物沃尔”或可渗透的生物驻留系统。确定生物膜在可渗透的生物驱动器系统中的作用对于更有效的治疗系统的设计至关重要，因为尚不清楚土壤生物膜中的质量传输机制，结构形式和生物降解过程。该工程组件将重点介绍基于覆盖物的生物陶器的设计和评估，并开发污染物监测的微电极，用于在研究超级基金地点的水含水层中PAH-金属混合物的生物降解。将检查真菌在Biowall中的潜在用途。研究将在 模拟超级基金测试床，复制受污染的地下水系统。在超级基金站点成功监测生物膜和孔隙水也将提高生物修复处理的过程效率。因此，将在先前的SBRP研究中开发的微电极将被修改用于现场使用并在测试床中进行测试。此外，还将开发出一种新的基于MEMS的重金属分析仪。这项研究的结果将更好地理解在超级基金站点如何生化有毒材料的复杂混合物，以减少这些PAH和 重金属人类健康。