From threat and burden to opportunity: A Paradigm Shift in Institutional Responses to the Urban Economics of Protracted Displacement in Cities

从威胁和负担到机遇：对城市长期流离失所的城市经济制度反应的范式转变

• 批准号: 2886136
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2886136
• 关键词: threat; burden; opportunity; Paradigm; Shift; threat; burden; opportunity; Paradigm; Shift

This research will explore the rationale for, and possible routes towards, the inclusion of refugees in city development plans in countries with encampment policies. It will focus on refugees in African contexts, through a case study of Nairobi. Urban planners routinely navigate between competing demands of national and city priorities, which at times sees cities adopt approaches that diverge from national policy frameworks. In both the global north and south, city-scale responses to refugees and asylum seekers often provide an acute example of this clash of interests. While the national state claims refugee policy as a question of sovereignty, the city may seek to create an inclusive urban society. By improving our understanding of how cities diverge from national policy frameworks in this sensitive area, this project will also shed light on how these different scales of policy interact in other areas where city and national priorities may clash, such as environment, health, education. The vast majority of forcibly displaced people globally are living in developing countries. In particular, Africa has witnessed multiple large-scale refugee movements since the 1960s. The mass arrival of refugees creates huge challenges for communities and local and national governments. In response, many African states have adopted encampment policies that requirerefugees to live in camps that provide shelter and meet basic needs (usually with support from UNHCR), and prohibit them living elsewhere. Nevertheless, a large proportion of refugees choose to settle among the wider community, often in cities (Bakewell, 2014).

这项研究将探讨在具有营地政策国家的城市发展计划中纳入难民的基本原理。通过对内罗毕的案例研究，它将重点关注非洲的难民。城市规划师通常在国家和城市优先事项的竞争要求之间导航，这有时会看到城市采用与国家政策框架不同的方法。在全球北部和南部，对难民和寻求庇护者的城市规模反应通常提供了这种利益冲突的敏锐例子。尽管国家国家声称难民政策是主权问题，但该市可能会寻求建立一个包容性的城市社会。通过提高我们对城市如何与该敏感地区国家政策框架分歧的理解，该项目还将阐明这些不同的政策规模如何在城市和国家优先事项可能发生冲突（例如环境，健康，教育）的其他领域相互作用。全球绝大多数被强行流离失所的人都生活在发展中国家。特别是，自1960年代以来，非洲就目睹了多次大规模难民运动。难民的大规模到来为社区以及地方和国家政府带来了巨大挑战。作为回应，许多非洲国家采用了营地政策，要求人们生活在提供庇护所并满足基本需求的营地（通常在难民专员办事处的支持下），并禁止他们居住在其他地方。然而，很大一部分难民通常选择在更广泛的社区中定居，通常在城市中（Bakewell，2014年）。