From threat and burden to opportunity: A Paradigm Shift in Institutional Responses to the Urban Economics of Protracted Displacement in Cities

从威胁和负担到机遇：对城市长期流离失所的城市经济制度反应的范式转变

• 批准号: 2886136
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2886136
• 关键词: threat; burden; opportunity; Paradigm; Shift

This research will explore the rationale for, and possible routes towards, the inclusion of refugees in city development plans in countries with encampment policies. It will focus on refugees in African contexts, through a case study of Nairobi. Urban planners routinely navigate between competing demands of national and city priorities, which at times sees cities adopt approaches that diverge from national policy frameworks. In both the global north and south, city-scale responses to refugees and asylum seekers often provide an acute example of this clash of interests. While the national state claims refugee policy as a question of sovereignty, the city may seek to create an inclusive urban society. By improving our understanding of how cities diverge from national policy frameworks in this sensitive area, this project will also shed light on how these different scales of policy interact in other areas where city and national priorities may clash, such as environment, health, education. The vast majority of forcibly displaced people globally are living in developing countries. In particular, Africa has witnessed multiple large-scale refugee movements since the 1960s. The mass arrival of refugees creates huge challenges for communities and local and national governments. In response, many African states have adopted encampment policies that requirerefugees to live in camps that provide shelter and meet basic needs (usually with support from UNHCR), and prohibit them living elsewhere. Nevertheless, a large proportion of refugees choose to settle among the wider community, often in cities (Bakewell, 2014).

这项研究将探讨在实行难民营政策的国家将难民纳入城市发展计划的理由和可能的途径。它将通过内罗毕的案例研究重点关注非洲背景下的难民。城市规划者经常在国家和城市优先事项的相互竞争的需求之间进行权衡，有时城市会采取与国家政策框架不同的方法。在全球的北方和南方，城市规模对难民和寻求庇护者的反应往往是这种利益冲突的尖锐例子。虽然国家声称难民政策是一个主权问题，但该市可能会寻求创建一个包容性的城市社会。通过加深我们对城市在这一敏感领域如何偏离国家政策框架的理解，该项目还将揭示这些不同规模的政策如何在城市和国家优先事项可能发生冲突的其他领域相互作用，例如环境、健康、教育。全球绝大多数被迫流离失所者生活在发展中国家。特别是非洲自20世纪60年代以来发生了多次大规模的难民潮。难民的大量抵达给社区以及地方和国家政府带来了巨大的挑战。为此，许多非洲国家采取了难民营政策，要求难民住在提供庇护和满足基本需求的难民营中（通常得到联合国难民署的支持），并禁止他们居住在其他地方。然而，很大一部分难民选择在更广泛的社区定居，通常是在城市（Bakewell，2014）。