Neurocognitive consequences of adolescent drug use

青少年吸毒的神经认知后果

• 批准号: 7058915
• 负责人: Mark T Fillmore
• 金额: $ 29.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-25 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7058915
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; attention deficit disorder; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cardiovascular function; case history; clinical research; conduct disorder; disease /disorder onset; disease /disorder proneness /risk; drug abuse; drug habituation; electroencephalography; human subject; impulsive behavior; placebos; psychological tests; psychophysiology; questionnaires; short term memory; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The effects of adolescent drug use on cognitive functioning is a significant public health concern. Adolescence marks a time of considerable neural development, particularly in brain regions that control attention and behavioral impulses. Drug use during these critical periods of brain development could impede or alter the normal course of neural maturation, resulting in long-term cognitive deficits in these areas. There is also considerable interest in the possibility that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), could sensitize adolescents to the rewarding and disinhibiting effects of other stimulants, thus increasing their risk of abuse as this population enters young adulthood. Despite growing concern about the consequences of adolescent drug use, little is known about the specific behavioral and cognitive deficits that might result from a history of adolescent drug use. The proposed R21 project is designed to identify specific inhibitory-based, neurocognitive deficits associated with a history of adolescent drug use and to examine how this association is mediated by two established adolescent risk factors for substance abuse, ADHD and conduct disorder (CD). Inhibitory deficits will be examined in two domains of functioning: control of behavioral impulses and the ability to select attention to relevant stimuli. Studies will use behavioral and psychophysiological techniques (EEG) to identify specific inhibitory deficits prior to, and following, a history of adolescent drug use. Drug challenge tests are also proposed to identify potential differences in the acute sensitivity to the neurocognitive and rewarding effects of abused drugs as a function of adolescent drug use history and adolescent history of ADHD and CD. The long-term objective of this research is to distinguish antecedent inhibitory deficits that contribute to risk of early-onset adolescent drug use, from resultant inhibitory deficits that represent the underlying neurological insult following a protracted history of adolescent drug use.

描述（由申请人提供）： 青少年吸毒对认知功能的影响是一个重大的公共卫生问题。青春期标志着神经系统大量发育的时期，尤其是控制注意力和行为冲动的大脑区域。在大脑发育的这些关键时期使用药物可能会阻碍或改变神经成熟的正常过程，导致这些区域的长期认知缺陷。人们还对兴奋剂药物（例如用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的哌醋甲酯）可能使青少年对其他兴奋剂的奖励和去抑制作用敏感的可能性非常感兴趣，从而增加了他们滥用的风险。人口进入青年期。尽管人们越来越关注青少年吸毒的后果，但人们对青少年吸毒史可能导致的具体行为和认知缺陷知之甚少。拟议的 R21 项目旨在识别与青少年吸毒史相关的特定抑制性神经认知缺陷，并研究这种关联是如何通过两个已确定的青少年药物滥用危险因素（ADHD 和品行障碍 (CD)）介导的。抑制性缺陷将在两个功能领域进行检查：行为冲动的控制和选择注意相关刺激的能力。研究将使用行为和心理生理学技术（EEG）来识别青少年吸毒史之前和之后的特定抑制缺陷。还建议进行药物激发试验，以确定对滥用药物的神经认知和奖赏效应的急性敏感性的潜在差异，作为青少年吸毒史以及青少年 ADHD 和 CD 病史的函数。这项研究的长期目标是区分导致早发青少年吸毒风险的先行抑制缺陷和代表长期青少年吸毒史后潜在神经损伤的最终抑制缺陷。