Models of Correlation Based Neural Development

基于相关性的神经发展模型

• 批准号: 6872852
• 负责人: KENNETH D MILLER
• 金额: $ 32.2万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6872852
• 关键词: action potentials; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; cats; computational neuroscience; computer simulation; developmental neurobiology; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; eye movements; gap junctions; intercellular connection; model design /development; neural inhibition; neural plasticity; neural transmission; neuroanatomy; neurogenesis; single cell analysis; synapses; visual cortex

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): The long-term goal of this work is to understand the circuitry of the cerebral cortex and the rules underlying its activity-dependent development. Primary visual cortex (V1) of the cat is studied as a model system for understanding cortex more generally. Computational modeling is used to determine what patterns of circuitry can account for the functional response properties of V1 neurons and what rules of activity-instructed synaptic modification can yield the self-organization of these patterns of circuitry. Cerebral cortical circuitry underlies most sensory perception, much of motor planning, and most of the higher cognitive functions associated with human intelligence, so an understanding of cortical circuitry and its development will strongly impact our understanding of both normal and diseased brain function. In particular, understanding of V1 circuitry and development will impact our understanding of normal vision and of central diseases of vision such as amblyopia and strabismus. The specific aims of this work are to develop biologically identifiable and testable models of the circuitry of layer 4, the input-recipient layer, of cat V1 and of the development of that circuitry. Studies of development will test the hypothesis that spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), based on spontaneous patterns of activity that exist before visual experience impacts development, can account for the organization of V1 receptive fields and functional circuits. A particular focus will be to understand the development of direction selectivity and of the associated cortical circuitry. Studies of the mature circuit will build on previous work showing that a "correlation-based" circuit, in which excitatory cells tend to project to cells with similar or well correlated receptive fields (overlapping ON- and OFF-subregions) and inhibitory cells tend to project to cells with roughly opposite or anticorrelated or antiphase receptive fields, can account for many of the functional response properties of V1 layer 4 cells. This work will be extended to incorporate new experimental findings on the roles of voltage noise in V1 responses, of orientation-untuned complex inhibitory neurons, and of synaptic depression in V1 responses. It will also be extended to address direction selectivity by incorporating diversity of temporal response properties of input neurons and by extending the spatial correlation-based circuitry to circuitry based on spatiotemporal correlations.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：这项工作的长期目标是了解大脑皮层的电路及其与活动相关发展的规则。研究CAT的主要视觉皮层（V1）是一种模型系统，以更普遍地了解皮层。计算建模用于确定哪些电路模式可以解释V1神经元的功能响应属性，以及哪些活动的突触修饰规则可以产生这些电路模式的自组织。脑皮质回路是大多数感官感知，运动计划的大部分以及与人类智能相关的大多数较高认知功能的基础，因此对皮质电路及其发育的理解将强烈影响我们对正常和患病的大脑功能的理解。特别是，对V1电路和发展的理解将影响我们对正常视力以及对弱视和斜视等视力疾病的理解。 这项工作的具体目的是开发第4层（CAT V1的输入层层）和该电路发展的第4层电路的生物学可识别和可测试模型。开发研究将检验以下假设：基于在视觉体验影响发展之前存在的自发活动模式的峰值依赖性可塑性（STDP）可以解释V1接受场和功能电路的组织。一个特定的重点是了解方向选择性和相关皮质电路的发展。 Studies of the mature circuit will build on previous work showing that a "correlation-based" circuit, in which excitatory cells tend to project to cells with similar or well correlated receptive fields (overlapping ON- and OFF-subregions) and inhibitory cells tend to project to cells with roughly opposite or anticorrelated or antiphase receptive fields, can account for many of the functional response properties of V1 layer 4 cells.这项工作将扩展，以结合有关电压噪声在V1响应，定向未指导的复合抑制神经元以及V1反应中突触抑制的新实验发现。它也将扩展到解决方向选择性，通过结合输入神经元的时间响应特性的多样性以及将基于空间相关的电路扩展到基于时空相关性的电路。