Maternal Employment, Low-Income Youth, and Neighborhoods

孕产妇就业、低收入青年和社区

基本信息

批准号：
7006055
负责人：
LISA A GENNETIAN
金额：
$ 6.58万
依托单位：
MANPOWER DEMONSTRATION RESEARCH CORP
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-01-10 至 2006-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7006055
关键词：
adolescence (12-20)behavioral /social science research tag child welfare clinical research community developmental psychology employment of women family structure /dynamics human data immigrant low socioeconomic status racial /ethnic difference socioeconomics socioenvironment urban poverty area

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of maternal employment among single mothers on the development of low-income adolescents. The proposed analyses aim to bridge the empirical findings from two areas of research on adolescent development by focusing on several key features of maternal employment and neighborhood context, in particular, economic disadvantage and social organization. More specifically, I intend to address the following questions: What is the effect of entry into and loss of maternal employment and characteristics of employment on the development of low-income adolescents? How does this effect differ during transitions from early to later adolescence versus transitions from late adolescence to early adulthood? Controlling for a variety of family and child level observed and unobserved characteristics, how does neighborhood context influence these effects? There are four key contributions of this study. First, by having data from four large urban areas post 1998 on a representative sample of welfare and working-poor families the findings can be generalized to a broader population of low-income single-parent families than has been possible in prior studies. Second, the data have multiple types of variation that can be exploited in empirical models--longitudinal information at a neighborhood, family as well as child level and cross-sectional neighborhood variation by family as well as child--to control for confounding unobserved or difficult to measure characteristics in estimating these relationships. Third, the large sample of low-income youth provide the power to examine effects separately for subgroups, particularly by age depicting transitions in adolescent development as well as racial/ethnic background and immigrant status (in addition to relative levels of disadvantage of the family, family and sibling structure). Fourth, the neighborhood data include the decennial census data available to most researchers as well as a wealth of annual indicators collected from local administrative agencies including child welfare. This study is a substantive opportunity to understand the economic determinants of adolescent development among low-income single-parent families. The findings will inform both developmental and economic theory as well as policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的目的是了解单身母亲在低收入青少年发展中的产妇就业的影响。拟议的分析旨在通过关注孕产妇就业和邻里环境的几个关键特征，尤其是经济劣势和社会组织，从而弥合有关青少年发展的两个研究领域的经验发现。更具体地说，我打算解决以下问题：进入和损失产妇就业和就业特征对低收入青少年的发展有何影响？从早期到后期的过渡与从青春期晚期到成年初期的过渡期间，这种影响有何不同？控制各种家庭和儿童层面观察到的特征，邻里环境如何影响这些影响？这项研究有四个关键贡献。首先，通过在1998年以后的四个大型城市地区的数据上获得代表性的福利和贫困家庭样本，该发现可以推广到比先前的研究中更广泛的低收入单亲家庭的广泛人群。其次，数据具有多种类型的变异，可以在经验模型中利用这些变化 - 在邻里，家庭以及子女水平以及家庭和子女的横断面邻里变化的延长信息以及子女的横断面变异中 - 控制估计这些关系时尚未观察或难以衡量特征。第三，大量低收入青年样本提供了分别检查亚组效应的能力，特别是按年龄描绘了青少年发展的过渡以及种族/族裔背景和移民地位（除了家族，家庭和同胞结构的劣势相对水平外）。第四，邻里数据包括可供大多数研究人员使用的十年型人口普查数据，以及从包括儿童福利在内的地方行政机构收集的大量年度指标。这项研究是一个实质性的机会，可以理解低收入单亲家庭中青少年发展的经济决定因素。这些发现将为发展和经济理论以及政策提供信息。