Making Sense of Behavior: Origins and Mechanisms

理解行为：起源和机制

• 批准号: 7113488
• 负责人: BRIDGETTE MARTIN HARD
• 金额: $ 4.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-16 至 2009-09-15
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7113488
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; clinical research; cues; developmental psychology; goal oriented behavior; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); learning; neural information processing; postdoctoral investigator; psychological tests; videotape /videodisc; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to organize observed behavior according to its intentional structure is central to understanding, remembering, and learning from other people's actions. This ability requires segmenting ongoing behavior into distinct intentional actions, and recognizing how these actions are organized as necessary steps toward achieving a single goal. For example, actions of peeling, slicing, and putting an apple on a plate serve the larger goal of eating an apple. How does this ability originate and what are the mechanisms behind it? A first series of experiments will explore infants' ability to organize observed behavior according to its intentional structure. Using two different looking-time methodologies, these experiments test whether 12-month-olds, like adults, perceive a set of related actions as a unified whole. A second series of experiments investigates whether low-level physical information assists people in organizing observed behavior. These experiments test whether adults exploit certain physical "cues" to organize unfamiliar behavior, and whether these same physical "cues" assist infants in organizing observed behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：根据其故意结构组织观察到的行为的能力对于理解，记住和从他人的行为中学习至关重要。这种能力需要将持续的行为细分为不同的故意行动，并认识到如何将这些行动作为实现单一目标的必要步骤组织。例如，剥离，切片和将苹果放在盘子上的动作是吃苹果的更大目标。这种能力如何起源，其背后的机制是什么？第一系列实验将探索婴儿根据其故意结构组织观察到的行为的能力。这些实验使用两种不同的观察时间方法，测试了像成年人这样的12个月大的人是否认为一组相关的动作是统一的整体。第二系列实验研究了低水平的物理信息是否有助于人们组织观察到的行为。这些实验测试成年人是否利用某些身体“线索”组织不熟悉的行为，以及这些相同的身体“提示”是否有助于婴儿组织观察到的行为。