Racial Disparities in Obesity: Role of Culture and Enviornment

肥胖的种族差异：文化和环境的作用

• 批准号: 7101250
• 负责人: TIFFANY L GARY-WEBB
• 金额: $ 13.33万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7101250
• 关键词: African American; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; belief; cardiovascular disorder risk; caucasian American; clinical research; clinical trials; culture; diabetes mellitus therapy; female; health behavior; health disparity; health services research tag; human subject; human therapy evaluation; longitudinal human study; noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrition related tag; obesity; patient oriented research; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; weight loss

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African Americans experience high rates of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications compared to their white counterparts. Reasons for these disparities include differences in family history, socio-economic status (SES), disease control, and quality of diabetes care just to name a few. One of the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes is obesity, and a substantial disparity exists between African Americans and whites, particularly among women. In fact, over 75% of African-American women aged 20 and above are overweight or obese. Given the alarming statistics, the serious health implications of this disease burden, and the federal mandate to eliminate health disparities, there is a need to identify novel explanatory factors underlying these disparities. Therefore, the candidate proposes two observational studies to evaluate novel risk factors: 1) A cross-sectional family study of three generations of African Americans to evaluate conserved cultural factors related to nutrition and body weight; and 2) A prospective study, nested within a randomized, controlled trial, to evaluate environmental influences (i.e. aggregate-level SES, food availability, consumer purchases) on body weight and response to a weight-loss intervention. The candidate is building on a strong research background and has developed a comprehensive plan for further training and research mentorship. The plan includes formal training through coursework, participation in workshops and seminars, collaborative research activities with groups at other institutions, and regular meetings with a multidisciplinary team of faculty mentors and advisors. With this additional training, the candidate should achieve her goal of becoming an independent investigator focused on the etiology and reduction of racial/ ethnic disparities in diabetes and obesity, particularly in relation to African Americans. (End of Abstract)

描述（由申请人提供）： 与白人相比，非裔美国人患 2 型糖尿病及其相关并发症的比例较高。造成这些差异的原因包括家族史、社会经济地位 (SES)、疾病控制和糖尿病护理质量的差异等。 2 型糖尿病最严重的危险因素之一是肥胖，非裔美国人和白人之间存在巨大差异，尤其是女性之间。事实上，超过 75% 的 20 岁及以上非裔美国女性超重或肥胖。鉴于令人震惊的统计数据、这种疾病负担对健康的严重影响以及消除健康差异的联邦授权，有必要找出这些差异背后的新解释因素。因此，候选人提出两项观察性研究来评估新的风险因素：1）对三代非裔美国人进行横断面家庭研究，以评估与营养和体重相关的保守文化因素； 2) 一项前瞻性研究，嵌套在随机对照试验中，旨在评估环境影响（即总体社会经济地位、食物供应、消费者购买）对体重和对减肥干预措施的反应。该候选人拥有强大的研究背景，并制定了进一步培训和研究指导的全面计划。该计划包括通过课程进行正式培训、参加讲习班和研讨会、与其他机构的小组合作研究活动，以及与多学科教师导师和顾问团队定期举行会议。通过这种额外的培训，候选人应该实现成为一名独立研究者的目标，专注于糖尿病和肥胖症的病因学和减少种族/民族差异，特别是与非裔美国人有关的糖尿病和肥胖症。 （摘要完）