Recovery and Analysis of Ancient Nuclear DNA

古代核 DNA 的回收和分析

• 批准号: 7109166
• 负责人: James P Noonan
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-14 至 2007-06-13
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7109166
• 关键词: DNA; animal genetic material tag; biochemical evolution; biotechnology; functional /structural genomics; genetic library; genetic screening; human genetic material tag; mitochondrial DNA; molecular cloning; nucleic acid quantitation /detection; nucleic acid sequence; polymerase chain reaction; population genetics; postdoctoral investigator

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Comparative approaches for the annotation of mammalian genomes rely on sequences from extant taxa to identify functionally conserved elements and lineage-specific sequence changes. However, such analyses would benefit from ancient DNA sequence from extinct species. Previous ancient DNA studies have relied on mitochondrial rather than genomic DNA due to technical hurdles such as microbial contamination and degradation of ancient DNAs. This proposal outlines a way to surmount these hurdles through the development of methods for the construction, sequencing and analysis of small-insert ancient nuclear DNA libraries. These methods will be refined using abundant cave bear ancient DNA and then extended to Neandertal genomic DNA. Analysis of a pilot cave bear library indicates that ancient DNA sequences can be recovered using these methods. Cave bear genomic sequence will be used to assess the phylogeny of cave bear and modern bear species obtained with mitochondrial DNA. With our collaborators, who will provide ancient DNAs, we will then construct Neandertal ancient DNA libraries and recover Neandertal orthologs of rapidly evolving human genes involved in human traits such as language.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物基因组注释的比较方法依赖于现有类群的序列来识别功能保守的元素和谱系特定的序列变化。但是，这种分析将受益于灭绝物种的古代DNA序列。以前的古代DNA研究依赖于线粒体而不是基因组DNA，这是由于微生物污染和古代DNA降解等技术障碍。该提议概述了一种通过开发用于构建，测序和分析的古代核DNA库的方法来克服这些障碍的方法。这些方法将使用丰富的洞穴熊古代DNA进行完善，然后扩展到尼安德特基因组DNA。对试点洞穴库文库的分析表明，可以使用这些方法恢复古代的DNA序列。洞穴熊基因组序列将用于评估用线粒体DNA获得的洞穴熊和现代熊物种的系统发育。随着我们将提供古代DNA的合作者，我们将构建尼安德特语古代DNA图书馆，并恢复尼安德特式的直系同源物，以迅速发展的人类基因涉及人类特征，例如语言。