Invasion Biology of Aedes albopictus

白纹伊蚊的入侵生物学

• 批准号: 7024441
• 负责人: Leon Philip Lounibos
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7024441
• 关键词: Aedes; Culex; animal ecology; animal population study; arthropod borne communicable disease; blood; chickens; climate; communicable disease transmission; dengue; dengue virus; diapause; diet; dietary carbohydrates; disease vectors; environmental adaptation; ethology; field study; geographic difference; guinea pigs; host organism interaction; laboratory mouse; parasitism; predation

Since its invasion in the mid-1980s, Aedes albopictus has become one of the most common man-biting mosquitoes in much of its new range (e.g., southeastern USA, Brazil, southern Europe, West Africa). New arrivals (e.g., California in 2001) are expected, with unknown consequences for human health. In 2001, during a dengue outbreak in Hawaii, Ae. albopictus was the only known vector, and is now an important transmitter of LaCrosse encephalitis virus in the southeastern USA. During the 2002 epidemic of West Nile virus in the USA, Ae. albopictus was recovered infected in 11 States and the DC and is now regarded as an important bridge vector of WNV. Thus, it is increasingly clear that understanding of invasion processes may be crucial for accurate assessment of new health risks. The overall goal of this project is to understand the ecology of invasions by Ae. albopictus and to use this understanding to predict the consequences for transmission of arboviral disease, especially for dengue. Specific Aim 1 experimentally tests four hypotheses about the role of interspecific competition in establishments of the invader and coexistence with or exclusion of resident species that co-occupy containers with Ae. albopictus, including Culex pipiens Complex mosquitoes in WNV areas and Ae. aegypti in Florida. Outcomes of interspecific competition are tested in the context of variations in (i) geography, (ii) resource type, (iii) competition mechanism (interference vs resource), and (iv) the aerial environment. Specific Aim 2 connects the ecological research to public health by experimentally assessing the effects of larval competition on dengue transmission. Specific Aim 3 determines the role of predation in post-invasion establishments of Ae. albopictus. Laboratory and field experiments and time-series analyses of long-term census records test model-supported hypotheses that predict differential predation upon Ae. albopictus facilitates coexistence with resident container mosquito species. Experiments will also detect costs and benefits of behavioral responses to predators, the evolution of anti-predator behaviors in Ae. albopictus, and whether predators can act as a barrier to invasion. Specific Aim 4 tests in south Florida the hypothesis that distributions and abundances of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti can be predicted by quantifiable habitat measures. Blood meal identifications and sugar content of wild-caught specimens will determine vertebrate hosts and nectar feeding, and effects of blood and sugar on adult fitness will be evaluated experimentally.

自 20 世纪 80 年代中期入侵以来，白纹伊蚊已成为其大部分新分布区域（例如美国东南部、巴西、南欧、西非）中最常见的叮人蚊子之一。预计会有新的移民到来（例如 2001 年的加利福尼亚州），这会对人类健康造成未知的后果。 2001 年，夏威夷爆发登革热疫情期间，Ae.白纹伊蚊是唯一已知的媒介，目前是美国东南部曲棍球脑炎病毒的重要传播者。 2002年西尼罗河病毒在美国流行期间，Ae.白纹伊蚊在 11 个州和华盛顿特区被发现感染，目前被视为西尼罗河病毒的重要桥梁媒介。因此，越来越清楚的是，对入侵过程的理解可能会 对于准确评估新的健康风险至关重要。该项目的总体目标是了解伊蚊入侵的生态。白纹伊蚊，并利用这一认识来预测虫媒病毒性疾病传播的后果，特别是登革热。具体目标 1 通过实验检验了关于种间竞争在入侵者定居中的作用以及与与伊蚊共同占据容器的常驻物种共存或排斥的四个假设。白纹伊蚊，包括西尼罗河病毒地区的淡色库蚊和伊蚊。佛罗里达州的埃及伊蚊。种间竞争的结果在以下方面进行测试：(i) 地理、(ii) 资源类型、(iii) 竞争机制（干扰与资源）和 (iv) 空中环境。具体目标 2 将生态研究与公共卫生联系起来 通过实验评估幼虫竞争对登革热传播的影响。具体目标 3 确定了捕食在伊蚊入侵后的栖息地中的作用。白纹伊蚊。实验室和现场实验以及长期人口普查记录的时间序列分析测试了模型支持的预测白伊蚊差异捕食的假设。白纹伊蚊有利于与常驻容器蚊种共存。实验还将检测对捕食者的行为反应的成本和收益，以及伊蚊反捕食者行为的进化。白纹伊蚊，以及捕食者是否可以作为入侵的屏障。具体目标 4 在佛罗里达州南部测试了白伊菌分布和丰度的假设。白纹伊蚊和伊蚊。埃及伊蚊可以通过可量化的栖息地测量来预测。血粉鉴定和糖含量 野生捕获的标本将确定脊椎动物宿主和花蜜喂养，并且将通过实验评估血液和糖对成人健康的影响。