A Rigid Body Database On Human Movement

人体运动的刚体数据库

基本信息

批准号：
7006014
负责人：
Steven J. Stanhope
金额：
--
依托单位：
CLINICAL CENTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

The ability to accurately predict the effects of disease and treatment on an individual?s ability to function relies entirely on our capacity to understand the complex process that transforms muscular effort into functional movements. The overall purpose of this protocol is to extend existing human movement analysis methodologies and our understanding of movement activities by developing and applying analytical techniques that can provide direct estimates of the influence muscular effort and assistive technologies have on the movement of all joints, body segments, and overall functional movement task performance. Dynamic Bracing A variety of disorders and diseases affecting muscle and nerve function can cause sufficient lower extremity weakness to impact gait. Frequently these individuals are prescribed orthotic devices to assist their ambulation. A method for determining the stiffness of a commercially available (carbon fiber) ankle foot-orthosis has been developed. Preliminary studies indicate the deformation patterns of the carbon fiber ankle foot-orthosis during bench testing and wear during gait are congruent. Therefore, the stiffness characteristics obtained during bench testing are valid for the determination of orthosis generated moments while worn during gait. In addition, a method based on induced acceleration analysis has been used to determine the source of forces that load (bend) the carbon fiber ankle foot-orthosis during the dorsiflexion period of the stance phase of gait. We have used these analysis methods to study the contribution of existing dynamic AFOs on the walking patterns of patients with post-polio syndrome. Work has also begun on the development of a scaled relational gait database from instrumented gait analysis using normal subjects. The gait database is a critical component in a proposed AFO stiffness selection process. To date, motion capture data have been collected on 10 normal subjects walking at five scaled (relative to standing height) walking velocities. The natural ankle stiffness values obtained from the database will be studied to predict optimal AFO design characteristics as a function of body weight and targeted walking velocity. The Impairment Compensation Relationship Understanding the process and governing principles that links impairment to functional movement limitations, and ultimately disability, is one fundamental goal of rehabilitation and geriatric research fields. Impairments may cause inability to perform specific body functions, resulting in disability, when physiological reserve is markedly reduced and an individual cannot devise successful compensatory strategies. In order to assess the association among subject?s functional status and the role and effectiveness of compensatory movement strategies, we studied data from 131 elderly subjects, divided into five functional groups, who performed an experimental sit-to-stand (STS) paradigm. Results of this study clearly show that a hierarchy of compensatory movement strategies exists, in which the effectiveness of each strategy to maintain standing ability is strongly influenced by both the individual?s general functional status and the difficulty of the sit-to-stand task. As the functional status of the subject declines, so does the effectiveness of compensatory movement strategies. In a related study, we used a novel approach to identifying the motor strategies adopted for the execution of a sit-to-stand motor task, followed by the maintenance of the upright posture, in a sample of hemiparetic stroke patients. Beginning by the recording of external forces only, and using a musculoskeletal system model, based on a telescopic inverted-pendulum (TIP) moved by a linear and two rotational muscle-equivalent actuators, we extracted parameters describing the kinematics and dynamics of these actuators during a sit-to-stand task. The motor act, involving both dynamic and static balance control, and we used the TIP model to interpret the ground reactions data. The result indicated the TIP model and simplified data capture scheme have the capacity to discriminate movement alterations, the consequent functional limitations, and level of disability in stroke patients. Induced Acceleration Analysis By studying the contribution of net joint moments and individual muscle forces to control human movement and the performance of activities of daily living, we intend to link the capabilities of a physically challenged person to his or her ability to perform activities of daily living. Measuring these contributions is critical for defining adaptive movement control strategies, understanding the process whereby the strategy of movement control is selected and implemented, and determining the contribution assistive technologies play in enhancing function. We have further extended our models to estimate the source of mechanical energy exchange between segments and used it to determine the muscle groups responsible for the inter-segment transfer of mechanical energy during gait. We found that the energy transfer depends on the sign of the joint moment, rather than on the sign of the joint power and that pairs of net joint moments function in combination to balance energy flow through the leg and trunk segments during normal gait. Movement Visualization and Analysis for Rehabilitation Plotting kinematic and kinetic data of a patient?s movement patterns relative to normative values is a common method used by clinicians to visually assess deviations and interpret the patient?s gait analysis data. This method of data interpretation is often time consuming and complex, especially when the process requires the inspection of a plethora of line graphs for numerous variables that are displayed across several report pages. In collaboration with the University of Delaware, we have developed an alternate method for displaying movement pattern deviations relative to normative data by color-coding the magnitude and the direction of the deviation. The process effectively transforms the ordinate scale to a uni-dimensional color map. An advantage of this approach is that a single page summary of all the deviation magnitudes can be displayed simultaneously, in a manner that is concise, visually effective and reduces complexity. Accuracy and Reliability of Movement Analysis Techniques The percutaneous skeletal tracker (PST) is a device designed by Dr. Stanhope to achieve minimally invasive skeletal fixation of kinematic targets to human limbs. The PST enables us to measure actual bone movement and compare it directly to motion measured simultaneously using surface mounted targets. An important finding was the determination that optimal surface mounted target attachment techniques are incapable of locating proximal tibial position with sufficient accuracy to measure strain on joint structures such as the anterior cruciate ligament. A powerful technique for simultaneously evaluating the performance of all components of a clinical movement analysis laboratory has been developed and tested. The Commission for Motion Laboratory, Inc. recently endorsed use of this technique by clinical movement analysis laboratories seeking accreditation. The method has been implemented by C-motion, Inc. in the program CALtester and the testing device is currently distributed by Motion Lab Systems

准确预测疾病和治疗对个体功能的影响的能力完全取决于我们了解将肌肉努力转化为功能运动的复杂过程的能力。该协议的总体目的是通过开发和应用分析技术来扩展现有的人类运动分析方法以及我们对运动活动的理解，这些技术可以直接估算肌肉努力和辅助技术对所有关节，身体部位和整体功能运动任务绩效的影响。动态支撑影响肌肉和神经功能的多种疾病和疾病会导致足够的下肢弱点影响步态。通常，这些人开处方矫形器件来协助他们的移动设备。已经开发了一种确定市售（碳纤维）脚踝肌的刚度的方法。初步研究表明，在步态期间和步态期间，在板凳测试和磨损期间，碳纤维脚踝肌的变形模式是一致的。因此，在台式测试期间获得的刚度特性对于确定步态时磨损时产生的矫形器时有效。此外，一种基于诱导加速分析的方法已用于确定在步态姿势阶段的背屈时期载荷（弯曲）碳纤维脚踝肌的力量。我们已经使用了这些分析方法来研究现有动态AFO对Polio综合征患者的步行模式的贡献。还开始使用正常受试者从仪器步态分析中开发缩放的关系步态数据库的工作。步态数据库是提出的AFO刚度选择过程中的关键组件。迄今为止，已经收集了运动捕获数据，该数据以10个正常受试者的步行速度（相对于站立高度）步行速度行走。将研究从数据库中获得的自然脚踝刚度值，以预测最佳的AFO设计特征，这是体重和靶向步行速度的函数。减值补偿关系了解将损害与功能运动局限性以及最终残疾联系起来的过程和管理原则，是康复和老年研究领域的基本目标。当生理储备明显减少并且个人无法制定成功的补偿策略时，损伤可能导致无法执行特定的身体功能，从而导致残疾。为了评估受试者的功能状况之间的关联以及补偿运动策略的作用和有效性，我们研究了来自131名老年受试者的数据，分为五个功能组，他们进行了实验性坐姿（STS）范式。这项研究的结果清楚地表明，存在补偿性运动策略的层次结构，其中每种策略维持站立能力的有效性都受到个人的一般功能状况以及坐姿任务的难度的强烈影响。随着受试者的功能状态下降，补偿运动策略的有效性也会下降。在一项相关研究中，我们使用了一种新颖的方法来识别执行坐姿的运动任务所采用的运动策略，然后在偏瘫患者的样本中维持直立姿势。首先，仅记录外力，并使用肌肉骨骼系统模型，基于伸缩式倒置倾角（TIP），并由线性和两个旋转肌肉等效的执行器移动，我们提取了描述在站立任务期间这些执行器的动力学的参数。涉及动态和静态平衡控制的运动法案，我们使用尖端模型来解释地面反应数据。结果表明，TIP模型和简化的数据捕获方案具有区分运动变化，随之而来的功能局限性以及中风患者的残疾水平的能力。诱导加速分析通过研究净联合力矩和个体肌肉力量控制人类运动的贡献和日常生活活动的表现，我们打算将一个受挑战的人的能力与他或她进行日常生活活动的能力联系起来。衡量这些贡献对于定义自适应运动控制策略至关重要，了解选择和实施运动控制策略的过程，并确定辅助技术在增强功能方面发挥作用。我们进一步扩展了模型，以估计细分之间的机械能交换来源，并用它来确定步态过程中机械能之间机械能之间的段落转移的肌肉群。我们发现能量传递取决于关节力矩的迹象，而不是关节功率的符号，并且成对的净关节矩结合起来以平衡正常步态过程中通过腿和躯干段的能量流。运动可视化和康复分析绘制患者运动模式相对于规范值的运动和动力学数据是临床医生在视觉上评估偏差并解释患者的步态分析数据的常见方法。这种数据解释方法通常是耗时且复杂的，尤其是当该过程需要检查众多变量的众多变量时，这些变量都显示在几个报告页面上。通过与特拉华大学合作，我们开发了一种替代方法，用于通过颜色编码偏差的大小和方向来显示相对于规范数据的运动模式偏差。该过程有效地将纵尺尺度转换为单维颜色图。这种方法的一个优点是，可以同时显示所有偏差大小的单一页摘要，以简洁的方式，视觉上有效并降低复杂性。运动分析技术的准确性和可靠性经皮骨骼跟踪器（PST）是由Stanhope博士设计的设备，旨在实现运动学靶标微创骨骼固定到人类四肢。 PST使我们能够测量实际的骨运动，并将其直接与使用表面安装的目标同时测量的运动进行比较。一个重要的发现是确定最佳的表面安装的靶附着技术无法以足够精度定位近端胫骨位置，以测量关节结构（例如前交叉韧带）的应变。已经开发和测试了一种同时评估临床运动分析实验室所有组件的性能的强大技术。 Motion Laboratory，Inc。委员会最近认可了寻求认证的临床运动分析实验室对这项技术的使用。该方法已由Caltester计划中的C-Motion，Inc。实施，并且测试设备目前由Motion Lab Systems分发