Capacity Limits in Multi-Tasking

多任务处理的能力限制

• 批准号: 7029584
• 负责人: RENE MAROIS
• 金额: $ 33.18万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7029584
• 关键词: bioimaging /biomedical imaging; clinical research; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; mental process; neural information processing; neuroimaging; neurosciences; perception; psychology; psychophysics; sensorimotor system; visual cortex

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans exhibit severe capacity limits: one can hardly keep in mind more than 3 or 4 items, or perform more than one task at a time. The goal of this research proposal is to develop using neuroimaging tools an understanding of the central mechanisms that limit our ability to multi-task. Since dual-tasking interference results from the failure of two sensori-motor channels to process information independently, this research will map out the neural flow of information in sensorimotor tasks that do not overlap in either sensory input or motor output. Other studies will specifically target the stage of response selection along this information pathway since it is the cognitive process most often associated with dual-task limitation. Novel fMRI chronometric approaches will be used to isolate brain regions involved in response selection, and to determine their role along the information pathway. In addition, these studies will assess whether there are both task-specific and general-purpose response-selection substrates. The establishment of the neural information pathways will serve as the groundwork for the dual-task interference studies, which will test for brain activity correlated with dual-task costs under conditions that are not affected by instructions or task demands. The hypothesis that activity in response selection ROIs will be negatively correlated with performance improvement during practice will be rigorously tested. fMRI chronometric studies will also be carded out to determine whether the capacity-limited process corresponds to a serial bottleneck that can only process one response selection at a time, or whether it can process two tasks simultaneously but divides the resources between these tasks (graded sharing model). Finally, given recent findings that perceptual and response processing demands interact, fMRI studies will address whether there is a single general-purpose capacity limited process or distinct but interacting perceptual and response capacity limits. In addition, this project will investigate how response selection demands affect perception by determining whether our inability at doing more than one task at a time affects our visual cortex ability to "see".

描述（由申请人提供）：人类表现出严重的容量限制：一个人几乎不会记住超过3或4个项目，或者一次执行多个任务。这项研究建议的目的是使用神经成像工具来开发对限制我们多任务能力的中心机制的理解。 由于两个感觉运动通道无法独立处理信息的失败导致双任务干扰，因此该研究将绘制在感官输入或运动输出中不重叠的感觉运动任务中信息的神经流。其他研究将专门针对沿该信息途径的响应选择阶段，因为它是最常与双任务限制相关的认知过程。新型的fMRI计时方法将用于隔离响应选择中涉及的大脑区域，并确定其沿信息途径的作用。此外，这些研究将评估是否既有特定于任务的响应选择底物。 神经信息途径的建立将是双任务干扰研究的基础，该研究将测试与不受指示或任务需求影响的条件下的双重任务成本相关的大脑活动。响应选择中的活动将与练习过程中的绩效改善负相关的假设将经过严格的测试。 fMRI计时研究还将被删除，以确定容量限制的过程是否对应于一次只能一次处理一个响应选择的串行瓶颈，或者它是否可以同时处理两个任务，但将这些资源分配在这些任务之间（分级共享模型）。 最后，鉴于最新发现的感知和响应处理需要相互作用，fMRI研究将解决是否有一个通用能力有限的过程有限的过程或不同但相互作用的感知和响应能力限制。此外，该项目将通过确定我们一次执行一个以上任务是否会影响我们的视觉皮层“看到”的能力，从而调查响应选择需求如何影响感知。