Cognitive and Emotional Mechanisms in Chronic Grief

慢性悲伤的认知和情感机制

• 批准号: 7090897
• 负责人: GEORGE A BONANNO
• 金额: $ 34.99万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY TEACHERS COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-06 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7090897
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; bereavement; chronic disease /disorder; clinical research; cognition; coping; depression; dyadic interaction; emotional adjustment; face expression; friendships; grief; human middle age (35-64); human subject; interview; love /affection; memory; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychomotor reaction time; psychosocial separation; widowhood; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project represents the first stage in a larger research agenda to understand chronic grief reactions with an eye toward informing new directions in assessment and clinical intervention. Although most bereaved individuals recover from loss with one year, a substantial proportion (approximately 10-20 percent) suffer from chronic depression and other grief-related symptoms, as well as increased physical illness and health problems and reduced productivity at work. Traditional models of coping with loss have provided little insight into the these difficulties and existing treatments for chronic grief have proved relatively inefficacious. The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop a more precise understanding of the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that characterize chronic symptom elevations among individuals bereaved from the death of a spouse. The project will compare chronically grieved individuals (elevated depression, PTSD, and separation distress from 1.5 to 3 years post-loss) with recovered bereaved individuals and nonbereaved individuals using a set of experimental tasks and interview procedures. The primary aims are to assess predicted deficits in chronically grieved individuals' (1) attachment dynamics and (2) capacity for effective emotion regulation, and (3) to explore the interface between these two sets of mechanisms. Specifically, we predict that chronically grieved individuals will evidence the following: heightened accessibility for the representation of the deceased spouse across contexts, but also an inability to use that representation for mood repair following threat: reduced ability to use positive emotion to modulate negative emotion and reduced ability to flexibly regulation emotional expression; an attentional bias toward open-mouth disgust faces and away from closed-mouth disgust faces (i.e., attentional preoccupation with social-moral rejection); and an exacerbation of their deficits in emotion regulation when they are primed with the representation of the deceased spouse.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目代表了更大的研究议程中的第一阶段，以了解慢性悲伤反应，以期为评估和临床干预的新方向提供信息。尽管大多数丧亲的人因一年的损失而恢复过来，但大量的比例（约10-20％）患有慢性抑郁症和其他与悲伤有关的症状，以及增加的身体疾病和健康问题以及工作中的生产力降低。传统的应对损失模式几乎没有洞察这些困难和现有的慢性悲伤治疗方法，事实证明是相对效率的。拟议项目的主要目的是对认知和情感机制有了更精确的理解，这些机制是表征来自配偶死亡的个体慢性症状升高的特征。该项目将使用一组实验性任务和访谈程序将长期悲伤的人（抑郁症，PTSD和分离障碍从1.5到3年）与被恢复的丧亲个体和未纤维化的个体进行比较。主要目的是评估长期悲伤的个体（1）依恋动力和（2）有效情绪调节的能力的预测缺陷，以及（3）探索这两组机制之间的界面。具体而言，我们预测，长期悲痛的人将证明以下几点：提高可访问性在跨环境中代表死者的配偶，同时也无法将这种代表用于情绪维修：降低了使用积极情绪来调节负面情绪和降低能力的能力，以降低了灵活调节情绪表达的能力；注意开放式厌恶面孔的注意力偏见，远离闭嘴的厌恶面孔（即注意社会 - 道德拒绝的注意力）；当他们被死者配偶的代表置入时，他们在情绪调节中的缺陷加剧。