Causality between Youth Employment and Problem Behavior

青年就业与问题行为之间的因果关系

• 批准号: 6911907
• 负责人: SHAWN D BUSHWAY
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6911907
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior disorders; clinical research; employment /unemployment; gender difference; goal oriented behavior; human data; longitudinal human study; racial /ethnic difference; social class

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Youths who work longer hours during high school tend to have higher rates of crime and substance use, among other problem behaviors. On the basis of this and other research demonstrating the adverse consequences of an extensive work commitment during high school, the National Research Council (1998) has called for policymakers to establish stricter limits on the number of hours per week that 16 and 17 year olds may work. However, recent empirical research demonstrates the possibility of severe bias due to inattention to unobserved sources of heterogeneity. In this research project, we propose taking advantage of 2 unique characteristics of a nationally representative panel of youths. First, since respondents are followed over a period of 5 years, we use a fixed effects panel estimator to adjust for the omission of relevant time-invariant characteristics. Second, we exploit state-to-state variation in the restrictiveness of child labor laws, and the fact that these child labor laws become less restrictive with increasing age. The resulting model is based on a fixed-effects instrumental variables (FEIV) estimator. In this model, identification of the "work intensity effect" is predicated on exogenous within-individual change in school-year work hours that can be attributed to the easing of child labor restrictions as youths age out of their legal status as minors. The FEIV model provides an especially powerful test of the thesis that intensive employment during the school year is causally related to involvement in problem behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：高中期间工作时间较长的青少年往往有较高的犯罪率和药物滥用率以及其他问题行为。基于这项研究和其他研究表明高中期间大量工作的不利后果，国家研究委员会（1998）呼吁政策制定者对 16 岁和 17 岁的学生每周可以工作的小时数制定更严格的限制。工作。然而，最近的实证研究表明，由于不注意未观察到的异质性来源，可能会出现严重偏差。在这个研究项目中，我们建议利用具有全国代表性的青年小组的两个独特特征。首先，由于对受访者进行了为期 5 年的跟踪，因此我们使用固定效应面板估计量来调整相关时不变特征的遗漏。其次，我们利用各州之间童工法限制性的差异，以及这些童工法随着年龄的增长限制性逐渐减弱的事实。生成的模型基于固定效应工具变量 (FEIV) 估计器。在这个模型中，“工作强度效应”的识别是以学年工作时间的外源性个人内部变化为基础的，这种变化可以归因于随着青少年年龄超出未成年人的法律地位，童工限制的放松。 FEIV 模型为这一论点提供了特别有力的检验，即学年期间的密集就业与问题行为的参与存在因果关系。