Low Carbohydrate Diets: Feeding and Endocrine Signaling

低碳水化合物饮食：喂养和内分泌信号

• 批准号: 6900073
• 负责人: Timothy H Moran
• 金额: $ 23.14万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-15 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6900073
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; dietary carbohydrates; dietary lipid; fasting; gene expression; hormone regulation /control mechanism; hormone sensitivity /resistance; hunger; laboratory rat; melanocyte stimulating hormone; nutrient intake activity; nutrition related tag; reducing diet; weight loss

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Low carbohydrate dieting plans are increasingly popular. Recent data from randomized clinical studies have shown that low carbohydrate diets have increased efficacy at 6 month time points as compared to low-fat diets. Despite the popularity and efficacy of low carbohydrate diets, little is known about the mechanisms through which they affect food intake and body weight. It has been suggested that transition from a carbohydrate to a lipid metabolism results in greater energy utilization but data from clinical studies suggest that reduced food intake accounts for the increased weight loss. We have conducted animal studies to begin to assess how low carbohydrate diets may affect food intake and body weight. Our preliminary data demonstrate that rats maintained on a low carbohydrate-high fat diet consume less food and gain less weight than rats on an ordinary high carbohydrate-high fat diet. Low carbohydrate diet rats also have increased sensitivity to the anorexigenic effects of a melanocortin agonist and decreased sensitivity to the orexigenic effects of a melanocortin antagonist. Furthermore, rats on a low carbohydrate diet do not show a rebound hyperphagia in response to food deprivation and patterns of hypothalamic gene expression in response to fasting are altered in a manner consistent with the lack of a compensatory feeding response. These data suggest potential mechanisms underlying the ability of low carbohydrate diets to produce weight loss without inducing "hunger". The proposed experiments will provide a more complete characterization of the consequences of consuming a low carbohydrate diet by 1) generalizing the findings to a diet composition similar to that consumed by individuals following Atkins-type diets, 2) assessing whether the response to melanocortins is specific or generalizes to other anorexigenic and orexigenic stimuli and 3) assessing how diet composition may differentially alter hypothalamic responses to the state of chronic food restriction that accompanies dieting.

描述（由申请人提供）：低碳水化合物节食计划越来越受欢迎。来自随机临床研究的最新数据表明，与低脂饮食相比，低碳水化合物饮食在6个月的时间点具有提高的功效。尽管低碳水化合物饮食的流行和功效，但对它们影响食物摄入和体重的机制知之甚少。已经提出，从碳水化合物到脂质代谢的过渡会导致能量利用率更大，但临床研究的数据表明，减少的食物摄入量会导致体重减轻的增加。我们进行了动物研究，以开始评估碳水化合物饮食如何影响食物摄入和体重。我们的初步数据表明，与普通的高碳水化合物高脂肪饮食中的大鼠相比，低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食的大鼠消耗的食物和体重更少。低碳水化合物饮食大鼠对黑色素性素激动剂的厌食性作用的敏感性也增加，并且对黑素性替代拮抗剂的敏感性降低了敏感性。此外，低碳水化合物饮食的大鼠响应于食物的剥夺和下丘脑基因表达的模式，以响应禁食的方式显示出反弹性的心形，以与缺乏补偿性喂养反应一致的方式改变。这些数据表明，低碳水化合物饮食能力产生体重减轻的能力的潜在机制而不引起“饥饿”。提出的实验将通过1）将发现的结果推广到饮食成分中，以提供更完整的表征，以使其发现与饮食成分相似，类似于Atkins-type饮食后的个人所消耗的饮食成分，2）评估对黑色素皮质素的反应是否是特定的，是否是针对其他饮食习惯和饮食习惯，并将其推广到其他可能的饮食习惯，并构成了饮食的不同，以构成对饮食的依据，以构成构成，以供替代症状，并置于饮食习惯。节食随附的慢性食品限制。