Polarization Spectroscopy and Imaging of Pre-Cancer

癌症前期的偏振光谱和成像

• 批准号: 6928095
• 负责人: Konstantin V Sokolov
• 金额: $ 24.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-11 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6928095
• 关键词: bioimaging /biomedical imaging; biopsy; clinical research; disease /disorder model; endoscopy; epithelioma; fiber optics; human subject; model design /development; morphology; neoplasm /cancer diagnosis; neoplastic growth; oral mucosa; patient oriented research; polarimetry; preneoplastic state; technology /technique development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. The majority of cancers are of epithelial origin. Early diagnosis of pre-invasive epithelial neoplasia can dramatically reduce the incidence and mortality of carcinoma. Thus, there is a desperate need for highly sensitive and cost-effective screening and diagnostic techniques to identify curable precancerous lesions. Epithelial pre-cancers are characterized by a variety of architectural and morphological features including increased nuclear size, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromasia and pleomorphism. In addition, there is increasing evidence of significant changes occurring in the stromal layer at the earliest stages of carcinogenesis as a result of epithelial-stromal interactions. A major limitation of current clinical diagnosis is that morphological and molecular changes associated with early carcinogenesis can be assessed only after invasive biopsy. Optical techniques can assess morphologic and biochemical alterations in epithelial tissue, non-invasively and in real-time. The goat of this proposal is to develop a new technology based on polarized reflectance spectroscopy and imaging to enable non-invasive real-time detection and monitoring of morphological and architectural changes in epithelium and underlying connective tissue associated with carcinogenesis. The aims of this proposal are to: (1) develop theoretical models for polarized reflectance spectroscopy of epithelial tissue and stroma; (2) to test the theoretical predictions in tissue models of human epithelium at different stages of cancer progression; (3) to use the theoretical models to determine the sensitivity of polarized reflectance spectroscopy to morphology of epithelial nuclei and morphology of stroma; (4) to design, construct and test a new fiber optic endoscope for polarized reflectance spectroscopy in vivo; (5) to evaluate the endoscope in clinical studies of oral cavity mucosa. (6) to develop an imaging instrument based on the principles of polarized illumination and detection and to test this device in clinical trials. The inexpensive optical sensors proposed here can immediately benefit health care by reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies, enabling combined diagnosis and therapy, and reducing the need for clinical expertise.

描述（由申请人提供）： 癌症是美国第二大死亡原因。大多数癌症都是上皮的。侵入前上皮肿瘤的早期诊断可以大大降低癌的发生率和死亡率。因此，迫切需要高度敏感和具有成本效益的筛查和诊断技术来识别可治愈的癌前病变。上皮前癌的特征是多种结构和形态学特征，包括核大小增加，核/细胞质比例增加，高浓度和多态性。此外，有越来越多的证据表明，由于上皮 - 层相互作用，在癌变的最早阶段，基质层发生了显着变化。当前临床诊断的主要局限性是，与早期癌变相关的形态和分子变化只能在侵入性活检后评估。光学技术可以评估上皮组织，非侵入性和实时的生化改变。该提案的山羊是基于两极化反射率和成像开发新技术，以实现上皮细胞和与癌变相关的上皮和潜在结缔组织的形态和建筑变化的非侵入性实时检测和监测。该建议的目的是：（1）开发用于上皮组织和基质的极化反射光谱的理论模型； （2）在癌症进展的不同阶段在人上皮的组织模型中测试理论预测； （3）使用理论模型来确定极化反射光谱对上皮核形态的灵敏度和基质的形态； （4）在体内设计，构建和测试用于极化反射光谱的新的光纤内窥镜； （5）评估口腔粘膜临床研究中的内窥镜。 （6）基于极化照明和检测原理开发成像仪器，并在临床试验中测试该设备。此处提出的廉价光学传感器可以通过减少不必要的活检的数量，实现联合诊断和治疗，并减少对临床专业知识的需求，从而立即使医疗保健受益。