CRCNS: An Integrated Locomotion Model for Lamprey Swimming

CRCNS：七鳃鳗游泳的综合运动模型

• 批准号: 7046429
• 负责人: AVIS H COHEN
• 金额: $ 32.25万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7046429
• 关键词: Agnatha; biomechanics; brain regulatory center; chordate locomotion; diving /swimming; electromyography; fluid flow; mathematical model; mechanical pressure; mechanoreceptors; model design /development; muscle function; neuromuscular function; sensory feedback

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Locomotion is the product of neural output acting on muscles driving a mechanically complex body in an unpredictable environment. The lamprey is a simple, well-studied and relatively tractable vertebrate model with which to probe this neuromechanical system. We hypothesize that steady locomotion in a predictable environment requires only the central pattern generator (CPG) without the necessity of other input. We also hypothesize that in an unpredictable environment sensory feedback combined with strong intersegmental coupling is necessary. To investigate these hypotheses we will develop an integrated model, of lamprey swimming LAMPREYCOMP with Thelma Williams, from London, and researchers Philip Holmes and Alexander Smits from Princeton University. The model spans CPG, sensory feedback, muscle mechanics, body mechanics, and fluid mechanics, and is a full model of a complex behavior in a vertebrate, albeit a simple one. Cohen and colleagues will perform experimental studies of the CPG and its response to sensory feedback from spinal mechanoreceptors, skin and lateral line and will develop the component of LAMPREYCOMP that maps sensory input to motor nerve output. Work on muscle and body mechanics will be done by Holmes and Williams. Smits and Holmes will study the fluid mechanics of the swimming animals both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work will include developing a mechanical analog, P-RAY, whose motion will be adjusted to reproduce that of live animals, allowing measurements of fluid motion and pressure variations along the body. The theoretical work will include developing the fluid dynamical component of LAMPREYCOMP, in consultation with C. Peskin, L. Fauci and colleagues. LAMPREYCOMP will be tested to insure that it reproduces the behavior of whole animal swimming, various reduced preparations and P-RAY. It will then be used to investigate the effect of manipulations, such as removing sensory feedback from spinal mechanoreceptors that are not experimentally possible. We also show that all components of the protocol are possible. Because the lamprey is a model system for all of vertebrate locomotion, our hypotheses and models will have broad implications for more advanced organisms in which such a complete approach is not presently feasible.

描述（由申请人提供）：运动是在无法预测的环境中作用于机械复杂身体的肌肉上的神经输出的产物。七lamp虫是一种简单，研究良好且相对可牵引的脊椎动物模型，可探究这种神经力学系统。我们假设在可预测的环境中稳定的运动仅需要中央模式发生器（CPG），而无需其他输入。我们还假设，在不可预测的环境中，感觉反馈结合了强大的段耦合。为了调查这些假设，我们将与来自伦敦的Thelma Williams以及普林斯顿大学的研究人员Philip Holmes和Alexander Smits一起开发一个综合模型，该模型，lamprey swimming lampreycomp。该模型跨越CPG，感觉反馈，肌肉力学，身体力学和流体力学，并且是脊椎动物中复杂行为的完整模型，尽管很简单。 Cohen及其同事将对CPG进行实验研究及其对脊柱机械感受器，皮肤和侧线的感觉反馈的反应，并将开发LampreyComp的成分，该组件将感觉输入映射到运动神经输出。福尔摩斯和威廉姆斯将完成有关肌肉和身体力学的工作。 Smits和Holmes将在实验和理论上研究游泳动物的流体力学。实验性工作将包括开发机械类似物P射线，其运动将被调整以重现活动物的运动，从而可以测量体液运动和体内压力变化。理论工作将包括与C. Peskin，L。Fauci及其同事协商，开发LampreyComp的流体动力学成分。 LampreyComp将进行测试，以确保其再现整个动物游泳，各种制剂和P射线的行为。然后，它将用于研究操纵的效果，例如从实验上无法实现的脊柱机械感受器中去除感觉反馈。我们还表明，该协议的所有组件都是可能的。由于七lamp虫是所有脊椎动物运动的模型系统，因此我们的假设和模型将对更先进的生物具有广泛的影响，而这种完整的方法目前不可行。