Enzootic Transmission of West Nile Virus

西尼罗河病毒的地方性传播

• 批准号: 6900797
• 负责人: LISA A PATRICAN
• 金额: $ 23.68万
• 依托单位: HEALTH RESEARCH INC, NEW YORK STATE DOH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6900797
• 关键词: Culicidae; West Nile virus; animal ecology; communicable disease transmission; disease /disorder proneness /risk; disease outbreaks; disease vectors; epizootiology; ethology; feces analysis; social behavior; songbirds

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic/epizootic in the United States is exhibiting unprecedented avian mortality, equine disease, involvement of many vertebrate and vector species, and non-vector transmission. Perennial outbreaks in the Northeast point toward the local establishment of natural foci rather than reintroduction by migrating birds. However, we know very little with regard to endemic/enzootic WNV transmission dynamics or if non-vector transmission manifests itself under field conditions. Host behavior likely plays a role in determining local transmission patterns particularly for directly transmitted diseases. The crow's complex social relationships lend themselves to indolent transmission studies. Our specific hypothesis is that non-vector transmission, crow movement and secondary transmission cycles play an important role in the local transmission, amplification and persistence of WNV. We have an exclusive opportunity to test our hypothesis by enlisting a well-studied and marked American crow (Conus brachyrhynchos) population. First, behavioral risk factors, e.g., contact with sick birds, infectious feces and carcasses, hypothesized to play a role in the risk of WNV transmission among crows will be collated in an ambidirectional epidemiology study to determine if non-vector transmission is manifested in the field. Second, we will document the movement of crow families with marked individuals and known family members by sightings, radio-tagging, and nighttime observations using infrared cameras and determine whether mosquito infection and human risk is enhanced on home territories as a result of crow movement. And third, we will determine the involvement of non-Culex mosquitoes to test the notion that when abundant these species play a role in secondary transmission cycles. This is an important piece of detective work involving a Category B agent that will have valuable implications for public health policies relating to mosquito control, arboviral encephalitis prevention and risks associated with non-vector transmission.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国当前的西尼罗河病毒（WNV）流行病/epizootic在美国表现出前所未有的鸟死亡率，马疾病，许多脊椎动物和载体物种的参与以及非载体传播。东北的多年生爆发指向当地建立自然焦点，而不是通过迁移鸟类重新引入。但是，对于地方性/ENZOOTIC WNV传输动力学或非矢量传播在现场条件下是否表现出来，我们几乎不知道。宿主行为可能在确定局部传播模式中起作用，特别是对于直接传播疾病。乌鸦的复杂社会关系助长了懒惰的传播研究。我们的具体假设是，非向量传播，乌鸦运动和二次传播周期在WNV的局部传播，扩增和持久性中起着重要作用。我们有一个独家的机会来通过招募一个经过深思熟虑的美国乌鸦（Conus brachynchos）人群来检验我们的假设。首先，将在歧视流行病学研究中整理乌鸦在WNV传播中发挥作用的行为风险因素，例如与病鸟，传染性粪便和尸体接触，在乌鸦之间发挥作用，以确定在现场是否表现出非载体的传播。其次，我们将通过目击，录音带和夜间观察来记录乌鸦家庭的运动，并使用红外摄像机进行夜间观察，并确定由于乌鸦运动的结果，蚊子感染和人类风险是否在家庭领土上增加。第三，我们将确定非库克斯蚊子的参与，以测试当丰富的物种在二次传播周期中发挥作用时。这是一项重要的侦探工作，涉及B类代理商，它将对与蚊子控制，预防肌酸病毒脑炎有关的公共卫生政策具有宝贵的影响，并与非载体传播有关的风险。