Cerebral Mechanisms of Skill Learning in Humans

人类技能学习的大脑机制

• 批准号: 6987291
• 负责人: CATHERINE Lee OJAKANGAS
• 金额: $ 5.08万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2006-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6987291
• 关键词: Parkinson' s disease; basal ganglia; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain circulation; clinical research; dystonia; electrodes; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; learning; lenticular nucleus; motor cortex; neuropsychology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychophysics; single cell analysis; subthalamus; thalamocortical tract

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to understand how the prefrontal- and motor-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops contribute to motor skill learning in humans. The project specifically addresses a form of motor skill learning where movement speed and accuracy is scaled to visual input over time with practice, as in learning to use a computer mouse. The studies will evaluate the hypothesis that the prefrontal-basal ganglia loop signals the need to change movement and that cortical-basal ganglia motor circuit acts later to implement the movement adaptation required. The basal ganglia is hypothesized to be the site where the cortical information from the two loops is synthesized, with the globus pallidus pars interna and the subthalamic nucleus initiating the velocity changes. FMRl methods will be used to compare cerebral regions activated during motor skill learning in normal humans and movement disorders patients (parkinson's and dystonia), where learning may be compromised. Next, simultaneous, multiple single cell recordings will be made in either the premotor or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus during these same motor behaviors to identify neural changes associated with signal and set related changes in the two cerebral loops. A unique opportunity to carry out behavioral neurophysiology experiments in human forebrain is now possible in movement-disordered subjects, who undergo neurophysiological mapping to guide placement of a deep brain stimulator. Direct evaluation of the role of cortical and deep cerebral structures in learning can be carried out because subjects can perform visually guided arm movements during recording. This project will help provide important information about the ways in which the frontal cortical and basal ganglia circuits interact during motor skill acquisition. Because we are comparing subjects with Parkinson's disease and dystonia to control subjects, important new information about the cortical and subcortical processes contributing to these motor disorders will be obtained.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该项目的目的是了解前额叶和运动型神经节 - 丘脑皮层环如何有助于人类的运动技能学习。该项目专门解决了一种运动技能学习的形式，其中运动速度和精度随着时间的推移会随着时间的推移而缩放到视觉输入，就像学习使用计算机鼠标一样。研究将评估以下假设：前额叶 - 基础神经节循环指出改变运动的需求，而皮质 - 基质神经节运动回路稍后起作用以实施所需的运动适应性。假设基底神经节是合成两个环的皮质信息的位置，并与pallidus pars pars Interna和丘脑下核启动速度变化。 FMRL方法将用于比较正常人和运动障碍患者（帕金森氏症和肌张力障碍）在运动技能学习过程中激活的脑区域，在那里学习可能会受到损害。接下来，在这些相同的运动行为期间，将在前外侧或背外侧前额叶皮层，Globus Pallidus和丘脑下核和丘脑中同时进行多个单细胞记录，以识别与信号相关的神经变化，并在两个大脑环中识别相关变化。现在，在运动序列的受试者中，可以在人类前脑中进行行为神经生理学实验的独特机会，这些受试者经过神经生理学映射以指导深脑刺激剂的放置。可以直接评估皮质和深脑结构在学习中的作用，因为受试者可以在记录过程中执行视觉引导的手臂运动。该项目将有助于提供有关在运动技能习得期间额叶皮质和基底神经节电路相互作用的重要信息。由于我们将受试者与帕金森氏病和肌张力障碍的受试者与控制受试者进行比较，因此将获得有关导致这些运动障碍的皮质和皮质下过程的重要新信息。