Toxic Algae

有毒藻类

• 批准号: 6750877
• 负责人: ELAINE V ARMBRUST
• 金额: $ 8.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-30 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6750877
• 关键词: Protista; algae; aquatic organism; biosensor device; environmental toxicology; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; flow cytometry; gene environment interaction; genetic strain; high throughput technology; human subject; marine biology; marine toxins; molecular site; neurotoxins; plant population genetics; polymerase chain reaction; proteomics; public health; saltwater environment; single cell analysis; species difference; temperature; water microbiology; water sampling /testing

Diatoms are the most abundant phytoplankton in coastal waters. In temperate waters such as those of the Pacific Northwest, diatoms form large blooms each Spring and Fall, providing a seasonal input of organic carbon that fuels ecosystem dynamics. Diatoms are characterized by high levels of intra- and inter-specific genetic and physiological variation, perhaps explaining why they are so successful in a wide variety of environments. Under environmental conditions that remain largely unknown, the genus of pennate diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia, can produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. This compound can be biomagnified through the food web, ultimately culminating in a potentially lethal syndrome in humans known as amnesiac shellfish poisoning. Along the west coast of the U.S., the ecological and economic impact of domoic acid contamination of fisheries has increased dramatically over the past decade. In the Pacific Northwest, 4 species of Pseudo-nitzschia - P. australis, P. multiseries, P. pseudodelicatissima, and P. pungens -are associated with toxic blooms, which have led to closures of razor clam and Dungeness crab fisheries. All fishery closures to date in Washington State have occurred along the coast where human settlement is limited. In Puget Sound, where many more people could potentially be affected, no shellfish closures have yet occurred although low levels of domoic acid are commonly detected in Puget Sound mussels and clams. The goal of the research proposed in the Toxic Algae Research Core is to dissect apart the underlying reasons for the differences between the coastal environment of the Pacific Northwest and Puget Sound. We hypothesize that environmental variability in combination with genetic and physiological variation within and between the different Pseudo-nitzschia species results in variations in toxicity at the different sites. We will focus specifically on factors related to potential chemical/physical/genetic differences between the different environments and phytoplankton communities.

硅藻是沿海水域中最丰富的浮游植物。在温带水域（例如西北太平洋地区的水域）中，硅藻在每年春季和秋季形成大花，提供有机碳的季节性输入，从而为生态系统动力学提供燃料。硅藻的特征是高水平的特异性遗传和生理变异，也许解释了为什么它们在各种环境中如此成功。在环境下 仍然未知的条件，pennate硅藻的属伪nitzschia可以产生神经毒素domoic酸。该化合物可以通过食物网络进行生物磁体，最终在人类的潜在致命综合征中最终被称为失忆贝类中毒。在过去的十年中，在美国西海岸，渔业污染的生态和经济影响急剧增加。在太平洋西北地区，4种伪nitzschia -P。Australis，P。多层，P。Pseudodododelicatissima和P. pungens与有毒的花朵相关，这导致了Razor Clam和Dungeness Crab Fisheries的关闭。迄今为止，华盛顿州的所有渔业封闭都发生在人类定居的沿海地区。在普吉特海湾（Puget Sound）中，可能会影响更多的人可能会受到影响，但尚未发生贝类封闭，尽管普吉特声音贻贝和蛤s中通常检测到低水平的二氧酸酸。在有毒藻类研究核心中提出的研究的目的是剖析太平洋西北和普吉特海湾沿海环境之间差异的根本原因。我们假设环境变异与不同的伪尼兹氏症内部和之间的遗传和生理变异相结合，导致毒性变化 不同的站点。我们将专门关注与不同环境和浮游植物群落之间潜在的化学/物理/遗传差异有关的因素。