Race-Specific Occupational Risk Factors for Cancer

特定种族的癌症职业风险因素

• 批准号: 6803916
• 负责人: NATHANIEL C BRIGGS
• 金额: $ 7.28万
• 依托单位: MEHARRY MEDICAL COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6803916
• 关键词: African American; Hispanic Americans; Hodgkin' s disease; agent orange; behavioral /social science research tag; cancer risk; caucasian American; chlorobenzenes; chromium; clinical research; dust; environmental exposure; health disparity; herbicides; human data; male; military personnel; neoplasm /cancer epidemiology; nonHodgkin' s lymphoma; occupational disease /disorder; occupations; racial /ethnic difference; sarcoma

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Black men have overall age-adjusted rates of cancer incidence and mortality that are higher than any other U.S. population group. Findings from the 1996 Report on the National Occupational Research Agenda suggest that unidentified race-specific occupational risk factors for cancer may be important contributors to this disparity. An excess of occupational cancers among minorities is further underscored by a review revealing elevated non-white to white cancer mortality ratios in the majority of studies reporting any race-specific increases, with the greatest racial disparity evident for hematolymphopoietic cancers. Data are sparse, however, on race-specific etiologic determinants. Moreover, published reports have generally been based on data from death certificates and other secondary sources that are of questionable validity because of racial disparities in accuracy. To address this information gap, the proposed project will use secondary data from the Selected Cancers Study (SCS) to investigate race-specific occupational risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin disease (HD), and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The SCS was a large U.S. population-based case-control study conducted in the mid-1980s to examine associations between exposure of military troops to the defoliant herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War and subsequent risk of these cancers. The study population comprised nearly 6,000 men aged 30 to 60 years, the majority of whom were directly interviewed. Study participants were asked about every full- and part-time job held for greater than or equal to 1 year since age 18. For each job, participants were queried about job title, main duties, type of business or industry, year job was started, and year job was ended; all responses were coded verbatim. In an analysis using dichotomous occupational exposure data from the SCS, we identified striking increases in risk of NHL, HD, and STS among Black men exposed to chromium or wood dust, whereas no risk factors were found for Whites. One aim of this project will be to extend the preliminary analysis to investigate dose-response relations. A second aim will be an extension of that analysis to investigate risk factors among Hispanic men. A third project aim will be to examine race-specific dose-response associations for cancer risks in relation to occupational chlorophenol exposures and agricultural vs. non-agricultural herbicide exposures. A fourth aim will be to explore race- and cancer-specific risk factors based on Standard Occupational Codes and Standard Industry Codes. Because the SCS database includes detailed occupational information for a study population large enough to provide substantial power to detect race-specific occupational cancer risk factors, it provides a unique and cost-effective opportunity to identify preventable risk factors that may be contributing to racial disparities in cancer incidence and mortality.

描述（由申请人提供）： 黑人的癌症发病率和死亡率的总体调整率高于任何其他美国人口组。 1996年关于国家职业研究议程的报告的结果表明，癌症的未知种族特异性职业风险因素可能是这种差异的重要因素。在大多数研究中，少数群体中过多的职业癌症进一步强调了非白癌死亡率升高的审查升高，这些研究报告了任何特定种族特异性增加的研究，而血压伴有癌的种族差异最大。但是，数据对种族特异性的病因决定因素很少。此外，由于准确性的种族差异，已发表的报告通常是基于死亡证书和其他次要来源的数据。 为了解决此信息差距，拟议的项目将使用所选癌症研究（SCS）的二级数据研究非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL），霍奇金病（HD）和软组织肉瘤（STS）的种族特异性职业危险因素（STS）。 SCS是一项基于美国人群的大型案例对照研究，该研究于1980年代中期进行，以研究军队在越南战争期间向脱叶剂除草剂橙橙橙色的接触与随后发生这些癌症的风险之间的关联。这项研究人群包括近6,000名30至60岁的男性，其中大多数受到了直接采访。询问研究参与者关于18岁以来的每项全职和兼职工作都超过或等于1年。对于每位工作，参与者都询问了职务，主要职责，商业或行业类型，开始了年份工作，并且年度工作结束了；所有响应均逐字编码。 在使用SCS的二分法职业暴露数据的分析中，我们在暴露于铬或木尘的黑人中发现了NHL，HD和STS的惊人风险增加，而没有发现白人的风险因素。该项目的目标是扩展初步分析以研究剂量反应关系。第二个目标将是该分析的扩展，以调查西班牙裔男性的危险因素。第三个项目的目标是检查与职业氯苯酚暴露与农业与非农业除草剂暴露有关的癌症风险的种族特异性剂量反应关联。第四个目标是根据标准职业代码和标准行业代码探索种族和特定于癌症的风险因素。由于SCS数据库包括足够大的研究人群的详细职业信息，以提供大量能力来检测特定种族的职业癌症风险因素，因此它提供了一个独特且具有成本效益的机会，以识别可预防的风险因素，这些风险因素可能导致癌症发病率和死亡率的种族歧视。