Spatial Orientation of the Mollusk Clione Limacina

软体动物 Clione Limacina 的空间方向

• 批准号: 6624064
• 负责人: Allen Israel Selverston
• 金额: $ 23.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-03-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6624064
• 关键词: Mollusca; behavioral /social science research tag; biological signal transduction; electrophysiology; ethology; interneurons; invertebrate locomotion; motor neurons; neural information processing; neuropsychology; nutrient intake activity; psychomotor function; sensory receptors; space perception

DESCRIPTION:(provided by applicant) This proposal uses the marine mollusc Clione limacina as a model with which to study a common behavior; orientation to the gravitational field. Clione orients itself in the water column, in the heads-up position by means of wing and tail movements. These movements respond to signals from the statocyst organ to maintain a vertical position. The statocyst organ contains a small stone, the statolith, that rests on sensory hair cells and is moved around on these cells by changes in the animal's position in the gravitational field. After a disturbance which changes body position, signals from the statocysts are integrated in the cerebral ganglion which generates the correct spatio-temporal pattern of impulses to the wing and tail motor neurons thus reducing the statocyst signal to its previous condition. Although a seemingly straight forward negative feedback loop appears to be the basic mechanism involved, the behavior actually requires a complex coordination between three functional elements; equilibrium receptors, CNS interneurons and the wing and tail motor neurons. In addition to the equilibrium response, the animal can engage in another related behavior known as hunting. During hunting, the normal equilibrium response disappears and the animal engages in what appears to be random circular sweeps of its environment. We hypothesize that the basically unstable vertical orientation mechanism requires coordination between the CPGs for both wing movements and tail movements and the hunting mechanism involves the activation of efferent connections between the cerebral ganglion and the lattice of receptor cells in the statocyst. To prove this hypothesis we will use a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and modeling studies. We also hypothesize that specific feedback among cerebral ganglia and statocyst receptors together with inhibitory interconnections among receptor neurons is able to stimulate a complex hunting search behavior that resembles the chaotic motion of a pendulum in three dimensional space. The behavioral analysis will quantify the phase relationships between wing and tail movements during stable and perturbed behaviors. The electrophysiology is necessary to describe the cellular responses to statocyst output and the computational analysis will employ three different models to determine which best captures the salient features of the equilibrium and hunting responses most accurately and to provide a theoretical basis for the production of the two different behaviors.

描述：（申请人提供） 该提案使用海洋软体动物克莱奥尼·利米西纳（Clione Limacina）作为一个模型 研究共同行为；引力场的方向。克利昂东方 本身在水柱中，通过机翼和尾巴在头部位置 动作。这些动作响应了从statocyst器官到的信号 保持垂直位置。 Statocyst器官包含一块小石头， statolith，这取决于感觉毛细胞，并在这些细胞上移动 通过动物在重力场中的位置的变化。之后 改变身体位置的干扰，来自statocysts的信号是 集成在产生正确时空的大脑神经节中 机翼和尾部运动神经元的冲动模式，从而减少了 statocyst信号至先前的状态。虽然看似直 正向负反馈循环似乎是涉及的基本机制， 行为实际上需要三个功能之间的复杂协调 元素；平衡受体，中枢神经系统中心神经元以及机翼和尾部电动机 神经元。除了平衡反应外，动物还可以参与 另一种称为狩猎的相关行为。在狩猎期间，正常 平衡反应消失了，动物参与似乎是 其环境的随机循环扫描。我们假设基本上是 不稳定的垂直方向机制需要CPG之间的协调 对于机翼运动和尾部运动，狩猎机构涉及 大脑神经节与 statocyst中受体细胞的晶格。为了证明这一假设，我们将 结合行为，电生理学和建模研究。我们 还假设大脑神经节和statocyst中的特定反馈 受体以及受体神经元之间的抑制互连是 能够刺激类似混乱的复杂狩猎搜索行为 摆在三维空间中的运动。行为分析将 量化稳定期间机翼和尾部移动之间的相位关系 和扰动行为。电生理学对于描述 细胞对Statocyst输出和计算分析的反应将 采用三种不同的型号来确定哪种最佳捕获显着性 平衡和狩猎反应的特征最准确 为生产两种不同行为的生产提供了理论基础。