PARASITIC ZOONOSIS (ECHINOCOCCOSIS) TRANSMISSION IN CHIN

中国人畜共患寄生虫病（包虫病）的传播

• 批准号: 6395016
• 负责人: Philip Simon Craig
• 金额: $ 40.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-30 至 2004-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6395016
• 关键词: British Isles; Cestoda; China; France; Japan; animal population density; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; epidemiology; human subject; zoonosis

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), due to infection with the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, though globally rare, is one of the most pathogenic helminthic zoonoses. AE has recently been shown however to be highly endemic in central western China amongst Han farming and Tibetan pastoral communities. Pilot studies indicate that such land-use practices, including deforestation, may increase the risk of human AE by optimizing transmission of the parasite between sylvatic hosts (foxes and rodents/small mammals) and between domestic- sylvatic hosts (dogs and small mammals). The long-term objective of this interdisciplinary project is to understand the ecology of E. multilocularis transmission and of human AE disease in the region and elsewhere. The specific aims are to develop predictive models for relative risk of human disease and of transmission potential in animal cycles for these predominately agricultural or pastoral biotopes. Hypotheses relating to occurrence of optimal habitat patches for hosts within given landscapes (in Gansu), and of seasonal occurrence and spatial distribution of small mammal hosts in semi-nomadic communities (in Sichuan) will be tested using a number of tools and approaches. These include, landscape quantification by remote sensing, rodent/small mammal and fox ecology, host immunoassays for parasite detection or exposure, parasite molecular taxonomy, quantitative transmission dynamics for sylvatic and semi-domestic cycles, and of medical and veterinary epidemiology. Predictive models will be tested in the two regional sites in China.

人肺泡棘球菌（AE），由于福克斯tape虫的棘球虫多环球球菌，虽然全球罕见，但它是最致病的蠕虫人畜共患病之一。然而，最近在中国中部中部，AE在汉族农业和藏族田园社区中是高度流行的。 试点研究表明，包括森林砍伐在内的这种土地利用实践可能通过优化寄生虫在sylvatic宿主之间（狐狸和啮齿动物/小型哺乳动物）以及家庭糖浆宿主（狗和小型哺乳动物）之间的传播来增加人类AE的风险。这个跨学科项目的长期目标是了解该地区和其他地方的多孔眼传播和人AE病的生态。具体的目的是开发针对这些主要农业或田园生物型的动物周期中人类疾病相对风险和传播潜力的预测模型。与给定景观内（gansu）内的宿主发生的最佳栖息地斑块以及在半游牧社区中小型哺乳动物宿主的季节性发生和空间分布有关的假设将使用多种工具和方法进行测试。其中包括通过遥控感，啮齿动物/小型哺乳动物和FOX生态学的景观定量，用于寄生虫检测或暴露的宿主免疫测定，寄生虫分子分类学，用于Sylvatic和Semi-Semantic sescles symi and Sovices conscles的定量传播动力学，以及医学和兽医流行病学。预测模型将在中国的两个区域地点进行测试。