AWAKE Run 2 phase 2

唤醒运行 2 第 2 阶段

• 批准号: ST/X00614X/1
• 负责人: Guoxing Xia
• 金额: $ 19.91万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX00614X%2F1
• 关键词: AWAKE; Run; phase

Over the last fifty years, accelerators of ever increasing energy and size have allowed us to probe the fundamentalstructure of the physical world. This has culminated in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva, a 27-km longaccelerator which has discovered the Higgs Boson and is, amongst other things, searching for new phenomena such asSupersymmetry. Using current accelerator technology, future high energy colliders will be of similar length or even longer.As an alternative, we are pursuing a new technology which would allow a reduction by about a factor of ten in length andhence would be expected to reduce the cost by a significant fraction.The advanced proton-driven plasma wakefield experiment (AWAKE) presented here uses a high-energy proton beam,such as those at CERN, to enter into a plasma. The free, negatively-charged electrons in the plasma are knocked out oftheir position by the protons, but are then attracted back by the positively-charged ions, creating a high-gradient electric"wakefield" and an oscillating motion is started by the plasma electrons. Experiments have already been carried outimpacting lasers or an electron beam onto a plasma and accelerating gradients have been observed which are 1000 timeshigher than conventional accelerators. Given the much higher initial energy of available proton beams, it is anticipated thatthe electric fields it creates in a plasma could accelerate electrons in the wakefield up to the teraelectron-volts scalerequired for future energy-frontier colliders, but in a single stage and with a length of a few km.In AWAKE Run 1, electrons were accelerated up to 2 GeV in wakefields driven by high energy proton bunches in 10 m ofplasma. This observation was documented in a UK-led publication in Nature in 2018 which also received significantattention online and in the media. Given this tremendous success and demonstration of the technique, the AWAKEcollaboration is now preparing for a Run 2 with data taking starting with the restart of the CERN accelerator complex in2021 and continuing for 4 years until its next shutdown in 2024. The main goals of AWAKE Run 2 are to acceleratehigh charge bunches of electrons to higher energy whilst preserving beam quality and showing this to be a scalable process.Some of the main challenges of AWAKE Run 2 are:o The injection of the witness electron bunch is crucial to having high charge capture, therefore detailed modelling isrequired and an excellent suite of diagnostics is needed.o Excellent diagnostics will be required to measure the final properties, e.g. energy distribution and spatial extent, of theaccelerated electron bunches.o The development and verification of scalable plasma cells, i.e. plasma cells which can be used over 100s of metres oreven kilometres whilst remaining uniform and showing reproducible acceleration.The ultimate goal is to then be in a position after Run 2 in which an electron beam can be provided for high energy particlephysics experiments. Assuming the success of Run 2, high-charge bunches of electrons at ~50 GeV could be delivered fora fixed-target programme to e.g. search for dark photons or a possible electron-proton collider. Other possible particlephysics applications of the AWAKE scheme are being investigated.The AWAKE-UK groups are proposing an ambitious 5-year programme to start at the end of the current grant, April 2020,and run to March 2025, working in all of the three keys areas mentioned above.

在过去的五十年中，能量和规模不断增加的加速器使我们能够探究物理世界的基本结构。这已经达到了Geneva Cern的大型强子对撞机，这是一种27公里的Longaccelerator，它发现了Higgs Boson，除其他外，还搜索了此类assupersymertry的新现象。 Using current accelerator technology, future high energy colliders will be of similar length or even longer.As an alternative, we are pursuing a new technology which would allow a reduction by about a factor of ten in length andhence would be expected to reduce the cost by a significant fraction.The advanced proton-driven plasma wakefield experiment (AWAKE) presented here uses a high-energy proton beam,such as those at CERN, to enter into a plasma.等离子体中的自由，负电荷的电子被质子从位置撞倒，但随后被呈阳性的离子吸引到后退，从而产生了高梯度的电气“韦克菲尔德”，并且血浆电子启动了振荡运动。已经对激光器或电子束进行了实验，已经观察到比常规加速器高1000次。 Given the much higher initial energy of available proton beams, it is anticipated thatthe electric fields it creates in a plasma could accelerate electrons in the wakefield up to the teraelectron-volts scalerequired for future energy-frontier colliders, but in a single stage and with a length of a few km.In AWAKE Run 1, electrons were accelerated up to 2 GeV in wakefields driven by high energy proton bunches in 10 m超成本。该观察结果已在2018年以英国为主导的自然界出版物中进行了记录，该出版物在网上和媒体上也受到了重大关注。鉴于这项技术的巨大成功和演示，觉醒的制作现在正在为运行2做准备，数据从重新启动的CERN Accelerator复合体开始，并持续4年，直到2024年下一次关闭，直到其在2024年的下一次关闭。醒来运行2的主要目标2可以加速到达量子，并在较高的范围内进行优质的范围，以使其范围缩小量，并确定该范围的质量，并且可以使这一质量构成质量，并且可以使这一范围质量质量。 Awake Run 2是：o注射证人电子束对于具有高电荷捕获至关重要，因此需要详细的建模，需要出色的诊断套件。能量分布和空间范围，触发电子束。假设运行2的成功，可以将〜50 GEV的高电线电子束传递给固定目标程序，例如搜索深色光子或可能的电子普罗顿对撞机。正在研究清醒方案的其他可能的粒子物理应用。醒来的人群正在提议一个雄心勃勃的5年计划，以在2020年4月（2020年4月的赠款）结束时开始，并运行到2025年3月，在上述所有三个钥匙领域工作。

项目成果

Characteristics of betatron radiation in AWAKE Run 2 experiment

AWAKE Run 2 实验中电子感应加速器辐射的特征

• DOI: 10.1017/s0022377823000491
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Plasma Physics
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Liang L

Acceleration of an electron bunch with a non-Gaussian transverse profile in a quasilinear plasma wakefield

准线性等离子体尾场中具有非高斯横向剖面的电子束的加速

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2208.04585
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Liang L

Simulation study of betatron radiation in AWAKE Run 2 experiment

AWAKE Run 2 实验中电子感应加速器辐射的模拟研究

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2204.13199
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Liang L

Acceleration of an Electron Bunch with a Non-Gaussian Transverse Profile in Proton-Driven Plasma Wakefield

质子驱动等离子体韦克场中具有非高斯横向剖面的电子束加速

• DOI: 10.3390/app122110919
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Applied Sciences
• 作者: Liang L

Hosing of a Long Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

等离子体中的长相对论性粒子束

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.075001
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Physical Review Letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Nechaeva T