Revealing the Nature of Dark Matter with JWST and Euclid

通过 JWST 和欧几里得揭示暗物质的本质

• 批准号: ST/X003086/1
• 负责人: James Nightingale
• 金额: $ 71.33万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FX003086%2F1
• 关键词: Revealing; Nature; Dark; Matter; JWST

The mysterious nature of dark matter is one of the most puzzling questions in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Observations on the Universe's largest scales have revealed that dark matter is approximately 85% of the Universe's total matter. Dark matter interacts via only gravitational forces, and is therefore invisible to the human eye. The remaining 15% is Baryonic matter, a type of matter that can be seen and felt on Earth via electrostatic forces. Whilst Astronomers know that a dark matter particle exists, they have no idea what it is. This contrasts baryonic matter, where our understanding of subatomic particles like the electron and proton provide a comprehensive model of atoms that form the periodic table. This fellowship will observe dark matter at higher resolution than ever before - quantifying the clumpiness of dark matter inside galaxies. This uses gravitational lensing, a phenomenon where light emanating from a galaxy is distorted by any mass it passes on its journey through the Universe. These distortions reveal how much dark matter is inside galaxies, therefore testing the standard "cold dark matter" paradigm's prediction that within galaxies there are thousands of individual dark matter clumps. This project brings together cosmologists studying the Universe with healthcare researchers aiming to improve the treatment of cancers for NHS patients. The collaboration between these two seemingly opposite groups of scientists is driven by the common challenges they face in the digital era of data science; extracting meaningful information from extremely large datasets using robust and reliable statistical techniques. This project will therefore both further our understanding of fundamental physics and help save lives on Earth.

暗物质的神秘本质是现代天体物理学和宇宙学中最令人困惑的问题之一。对宇宙最大规模的观察表明，暗物质约占宇宙总物质的85％。暗物质仅通过引力相互作用，因此是人眼看不见的。其余15％是重型物质，这是一种可以通过静电力在地球上看到和感觉到的物质。尽管天文学家知道存在暗物质粒子，但他们不知道它是什么。这与重型物质进行了对比，在这种情况下，我们对电子和质子等亚原子颗粒的理解提供了形成周期表的原子的全面模型。该团契将比以往任何时候都以更高的分辨率观察到暗物质 - 量化星系内暗物质的块状。这使用了引力镜头，这是一种现象，其中从星系中散发出来的光都被其穿过宇宙的旅程所经过的任何质量扭曲。这些扭曲揭示了星系内部有多少暗物质，因此测试了标准的“冷暗物质”范式的预测，即星系内有成千上万个单独的暗物质团块。该项目将宇宙学家汇集了研究宇宙的医疗研究人员，旨在改善NHS患者的癌症治疗。这两个看似相反的科学家群体之间的合作是由数据科学的数字时代所面临的共同挑战所驱动的。使用强大而可靠的统计技术从极大的数据集中提取有意义的信息。因此，该项目将进一步了解我们对基本物理学的理解，并帮助挽救地球上的生命。