SKA Construction

斯卡建筑

• 批准号: ST/W00206X/1
• 负责人: Eloy De Lera Acedo
• 金额: $ 515.49万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW00206X%2F1
• 关键词: SKA; Construction

Building "SKA1" is the current primary objective of the SKA Observatory (SKAO) Construction Project. It will result in two of the world's largest radio telescopes with sensitivity, angular resolution, and survey speeds far surpassing current state-of-the-art instruments at relevant radio frequencies. The step change in sensitivity and unrivaled survey speed compared to any current radio telescopes will deliver transformational science. It will address fundamental unanswered questions about our Universe including how the first stars and galaxies formed after the big bang, how dark energy is accelerating the expansion of the Universe, the role of magnetism in the cosmos, the nature of gravity, and the search for life beyond Earth.The two telescopes of the SKAO will be the SKA-MID telescope to be constructed in South Africa and the SKA-LOW telescope to be constructed in Australia. SKA-MID will include 133 steerable dishes 15m in diameter in combination with 64 dishes from the MeerKAT precursor instrument. SKA-LOW will consist of 131,072 new fixed log periodic antennas. Both telescopes require huge digital systems to process the extreme rates of raw data into science outputs, and also to control and manage the telescope in real-time. The research under this grant, to be undertaken in collaboration with international partners and industry, builds on previous UK investments and is part of the allocated SKA work return for the UK. It includes:- Software development (including simulations and modelling) for SKA1 Science Data Processing and Handling (SDH&P). This is composed of the Science Data Processor (SDP) and Pulsar Search Sub-element (PSS) activities. The SDP is the element of the telescope responsible for the processing of various observed data into required data products (a data product consists of combined and processed raw data together with metadata), the long term preservation of these data products, and the delivery of these products to the SKA Observatory, and delivery to scientists working in SKA Regional Centres (SRCs). The PSS is the component of the SKAO that will enable the search of the entire sky visible from each telescope site for pulsars and time-domain transients. - Software development in support of Observatory Management and Control (OMC). This includes Observatory Science Operations (OSO) software required to manage SKA observations and the observatory workflow. Major software applications classified as OSO software include the applications used by astronomers for proposal submission and observation design. Major OSO software used by observatory staff include applications for proposal handling and tracking, and for observation scheduling and execution. Underlying these applications are the OSO database systems that provide persistence and enable the project workflow between the applications. Also included in this activity is the software required for the monitoring, control and calibration interface between the SKA's Telescope Manager (TM), Observation Execution Tool (OET) and the front end of the LOW telescope. - Supporting Timing and Clocks: This activity will provide scientific, technology, engineering and project management advisory services related to the construction of the SKA-MID and SKA-LOW telescope Synchronisation and Timing (SAT) Elements. SAT functionality and performance affects the ultimate performance of the telescopes therefore it is vital that the 'as built' SAT Element meets the SAT functionality and performance requirements intended by the reference designs.

建筑“ SKA1”是SKA天文台（SKAO）建设项目的当前主要目标。这将导致世界上两个最大的无线电望远镜，具有灵敏度，角度分辨率和调查速度，远远超过相关无线电频率的当前最新仪器。与当前的任何射电望远镜相比，灵敏度和无与伦比的调查速度的步骤变化都将带来变革型科学。它将解决有关我们宇宙的基本未解决问题，包括大爆炸后的第一颗恒星和星系如何形成，黑暗能量如何加速宇宙的扩张，磁性在宇宙中的作用，重力的本质以及寻求的寻找超越地球的生活。SKAO的两个望远镜将是在南非建造的SKA-MID望远镜，以及在澳大利亚建造的SKA-LOW望远镜。 SKA-MID将包括133盘直径为15m的可通道菜肴，并结合Meerkat前体仪器的64盘菜肴。 SKA-LOW将由131,072个新的固定日志周期天线组成。两种望远镜都需要庞大的数字系统来将原始数据的极端速率处理为科学输出，并实时控制和管理望远镜。该赠款下的研究将与国际合作伙伴和行业合作进行，这是在英国以前的投资的基础上，是英国分配的SKA工作回报的一部分。它包括： - 用于SKA1科学数据处理和处理（SDH＆P）的软件开发（包括模拟和建模）。这是由科学数据处理器（SDP）和PULSAR搜索子元素（PSS）活动组成的。 SDP是负责将各种观察到的数据处理到所需的数据产品中的望远镜的要素（数据产品由合并和处理的原始数据与元数据一起），对这些数据产品的长期保存以及这些数据的长期保存以及这些数据的交付向SKA天文台的产品，并交付给SKA区域中心（SRCS）的科学家。 PSS是SKAO的组成部分，可以从每个望远镜站点可见整个天空中的脉冲星和时间域瞬变。 - 支持天文台管理和控制（OMC）的软件开发。这包括管理SKA观测和观测值工作流程所需的天文台科学操作（OSO）软件。分类为OSO软件的主要软件应用程序包括天文学家用于提交和观察设计的应用程序。天文台工作人员使用的主要OSO软件包括用于处理和跟踪的申请，以及观察计划和执行。这些应用程序的基础是OSO数据库系统，该系统提供持久性并启用应用程序之间的项目工作流程。此活动还包括SKA望远镜管理器（TM），观察执行工具（OET）和低望远镜前端之间的监视，控制和校准接口所需的软件。 - 支持时间和时钟：此活动将提供与SKA-MID和SKA-LOW望远镜同步和时机（SAT）元素有关的科学，技术，工程和项目管理咨询服务。 SAT功能和性能会影响望远镜的最终性能，因此“构建”元素符合参考设计意图的SAT功能和性能要求至关重要。