University of the West of Scotland Nuclear Physics Group Consolidated Grant

西苏格兰大学核物理组综合拨款

• 批准号: ST/P005101/1
• 负责人: John Smith
• 金额: $ 105.37万
• 依托单位: University of the West of Scotland
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP005101%2F1
• 关键词: University; West; Scotland; Nuclear; Physics

Despite more than a century of intense experimental and theoretical research, the nuclear many-body quantum system remains a challenge. In the century that has followed, numerous advances in accelerator and detector technology have firmly established nuclear physics as an international activity at the forefront of scientific research. In the past few decades, the quest to understand the properties of exotic nuclei ever further from the valley of stability has led to considerable experimental progress. The programme of research described in this Consolidated Grant application covers research into the structure and properties of atomic nuclei lying far from stability and collective behaviour in stable nuclei which remains poorly understood. Recent experimental observations, supported by theoretical calculations, have suggested that the structure of exotic nuclei may be different from those near stability. The well-known sequence of magic numbers, corresponding to energy gaps in nuclear shell structure, is now thought to change in nuclei with an extreme excess of neutrons. The evidence for such a change is already convincing around neutron number N=20, and similar effects are expected for the other shell gaps at N=28, 50, and 82. In order to provide a test of nuclear models, experimental data are needed. In this respect, we will focus on the proton-rich nuclei around Sn100 (N=Z=50). An important consideration in the description of an atomic nucleus is its shape. It is well established that nuclei with filled shells of neutrons and protons are spherical, and nuclei with partially-filled shells can become deformed. An exotic form of deformation is when the nucleus takes on a reflection-asymmetric "pear" shape. Such octupole deformation is most prominent in localized regions of the nuclear chart, such as the light actinide region (radium, thorium, uranium nuclei with A~224) and lanthanides near barium-144. In our research programme, we will make a comprehensive study of octupole deformation in nuclei, focusing on the actinide and lanthanide regions, as well as the proton-rich nuclei near N=Z=56. Recent developments in accelerator and detector technology will now allow new types of experiments to be performed to provide new insights into this novel type of deformation. In our research programme, we will make a comprehensive study of octupole correlations in nuclei, focusing on the actinide and lanthanide regions, as well as the proton-rich nuclei near N=Z=56. The mirror-symmetry-violating pear shape allows for the search for physics that is responsible for the existent matter-antimatter symmetry violation. High-powered laser systems are now offering a new method of producing and accelerating particles. Focussing their beams on small areas creates volumes with extreme high energy densities, in which nuclear reactions can happen or from which intense beams of charged particles are emitted. Parts of our research will exploit this novel technical development to explore aspects of nuclear physics which are not possible by conventional means. Our research will performed using varius different experimental techniques. For example, we will carry out Coulomb-excitation experiments at ISOLDE, electron-gamma coincidence spectroscopy and lifetime measurements at JYFL, and laser-induced nuclear reactions at the new ELI-NP facility in Magurele, Romania. The requested funds will provide support for postdoctoral research associates and PhD students to help carry out this work, as well as funds for travel and subsistence. We have also requested funds to enable world leading theoretical nuclear physicists to visit our group to help with the interpretation of our results, and to provide important theoretical input into our experimental research programme.

尽管经过一个多世纪的深入实验和理论研究，核多体量子系统仍然是一个挑战。在接下来的一个世纪中，加速器和探测器技术的众多进步已经牢固地确立了核物理学作为科学研究前沿的国际活动的地位。在过去的几十年里，对远离稳定谷的奇异核特性的探索已经取得了相当大的实验进展。该综合拨款申请中描述的研究计划涵盖了对远离稳定性的原子核的结构和性质以及稳定原子核中的集体行为的研究，而人们对此仍然知之甚少。最近的实验观察在理论计算的支持下表明，奇异核的结构可能与接近稳定的核结构不同。众所周知的幻数序列，对应于核壳层结构中的能隙，现在被认为会在中子极度过量的原子核中发生变化。这种变化的证据在中子数 N=20 附近已经令人信服，并且预计其他壳层间隙在 N=28、50 和 82 时也会产生类似的效果。为了提供核模型的测试，需要实验数据。在这方面，我们将重点关注 Sn100 (N=Z=50) 周围的富质子核。描述原子核的一个重要考虑因素是它的形状。众所周知，具有填充的中子和质子壳层的核是球形的，并且具有部分填充壳层的核可以变形。一种奇异的变形形式是原子核呈现反射不对称的“梨”形。这种八极变形在核图的局部区域最为突出，例如轻锕系区域（A~224的镭、钍、铀原子核）和靠近钡144的镧系元素。在我们的研究计划中，我们将对原子核中的八极变形进行全面的研究，重点关注锕系和镧系区域，以及N=Z=56附近的富质子核。加速器和探测器技术的最新发展现在将允许进行新型实验，为这种新型变形提供新的见解。在我们的研究计划中，我们将对原子核中的八极相关性进行全面研究，重点关注锕系和镧系区域，以及N=Z=56附近的富质子核。违反镜像对称的梨形允许寻找导致现有物质-反物质对称性破坏的物理现象。高功率激光系统现在提供了一种产生和加速粒子的新方法。将光束聚焦在小区域上会产生具有极高能量密度的体积，其中可以发生核反应或发射出强烈的带电粒子束。我们的部分研究将利用这一新颖的技术发展来探索传统手段无法实现的核物理方面。我们的研究将使用各种不同的实验技术进行。例如，我们将在 ISOLDE 进行库仑激发实验，在 JYFL 进行电子伽马符合光谱和寿命测量，以及在罗马尼亚马古雷莱的新 ELI-NP 设施进行激光诱导核反应。所申请的资金将为博士后研究员和博士生提供支持，以帮助开展这项工作，以及旅行和生活费。我们还请求资金，使世界领先的理论核物理学家能够访问我们的小组，帮助解释我们的结果，并为我们的实验研究计划提供重要的理论投入。

项目成果

Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ^{222}Ra and ^{228}Ra Beams.

放射性 ^{222}Ra 和 ^{228}Ra 束的库仑激发导致镭核八极变形的演化。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevlett.124.042503
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical review letters
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Butler PA

Delayed or absent p ( h 11 / 2 ) 2 alignment in Xe 111

Xe 111 中的 p ( h 11 / 2 ) 2 对齐延迟或缺失

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevc.101.014313
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Capponi L

A charge plunger device to measure the lifetimes of excited nuclear states where transitions are dominated by internal conversion

一种电荷柱塞装置，用于测量激发核态的寿命，其中跃迁由内部转换主导

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.nima.2020.164454
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 作者: Barber L

Experimental study of the lifetime and phase transition in neutron-rich Zr 98 , 100 , 102

富中子Zr 98 , 100 , 102 寿命和相变的实验研究

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevc.96.054323
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Ansari S

Decay spectroscopy of Sc 50 and Sc 50 m to Ti 50

Sc 50 和 Sc 50 m 到 Ti 50 的衰变光谱

• DOI: http://dx.10.1103/physrevc.104.024314
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Bowry M